Single-shot x-ray differential phase-contrast and diffraction imaging using two-dimensional transmission gratings

Wen, H.; Bennett, Eric E.; Kopace, Rael; Stein, Ashley; Pai, Vinay

doi:10.1364/ol.35.001932

Cited by 162 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This was sufficient to directly resolve the interference pattern created by the grating, enabling the use of single shot measurements, in contrast to the more commonly used method of scanning an analyzer grating through the interference pattern and measuring the resulting Moiré pattern [3]. However, techniques for single shot analysis either require a large pitch to feature size ratio [5] or sacrifice resolution [6], so phase stepping was employed to make use of the full detector resolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characterization of X-ray lenses from two fabrication techniques with grating interferometry

et al. 2016

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Refractive X-ray lenses are in use at a large number of synchrotron experiments. Several materials and fabrication techniques are available for their production, each having their own strengths and drawbacks. We present a grating interferometer for the quantitative analysis of single refractive X-ray lenses and employ it for the study of a beryllium point focus lens and a polymer line focus lens, highlighting the differences in the outcome of the fabrication methods. The residuals of a line fit to the phase gradient are used to quantify local lens defects, while shape aberrations are quantified by the decomposition of the retrieved wavefront phase profile into either Zernike or Legendre polynomials, depending on the focus and aperture shape. While the polymer lens shows better material homogeneity, the beryllium lens shows higher shape accuracy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characterization of X-ray lenses from two fabrication techniques with grating interferometry

et al. 2016

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“…Wen et al 17) recently described an x-ray differential phase-contrast imaging method based on 2D transmission gratings that were directly resolved by an x-ray detector and quantified the effects of x-ray refraction and diffraction in the sample through spatial harmonic analysis. The use of 2D gratings allows differential phase contrast in several directions to be obtained from a single image, which obviates the need for multiple exposures and separate measurements for different directions.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The information of the phase shift can be extracted by using Fourier processing. 6) We developed a useful simulation platform for PCXI and performed a systematic simulation to investigate the image characteristics. We also performed a preliminary PCXI experiment using an established a table-top setup to demonstrate the performance of the simulation platform.…”

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confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling and Experiment for Single Grid-Based Phase-Contrast X-Ray Imaging

et al. 2017

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Conventional x-ray imaging techniques have widely been used for both medical and industrial imaging applications and have in common attenuation-based contrast which arises from differences in elemental composition, thickness, and density of the examined sample. However, they are often limited by low image contrast especially in imaging materials of low atomic number. In this work, we investigated the recently proposed phase-contrast x-ray imaging (PCXI) technique, the so-called single grid-based PCXI, which has great simplicity and minimal requirements on the setup alignment. It allows for imaging of smaller features and variations in the examined sample than conventional attenuation-based x-ray imaging with lower x-ray dose. We performed a systematic simulation using a simulation platform developed by us to investigate the image characteristics. We also performed a preliminary PCXI experiment using an established a table-top setup to demonstrate the performance of the simulation platform. The system consists of an x-ray tube (50 kV p , 5 mAs), a focused-linear grid (200-lines/inch), and a flat-panel detector (48-mm pixel size). According to our results, the simulated contrast of phase images was much enhanced, compared to that of the absorption images. The scattering length scale estimated for a given simulation condition was about 117 nm. It was very similar, at least qualitatively, to the experimental contrast, which demonstrates the performance of the simulation platform. We also found that the level of the phase gradient of oriented structures strongly depended on the orientation of the structure relative to that of linear grids.

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“…One is to rotate the sample or the entire interferometer around the optical axis [10], though this requires an additional axis of rotation and is therefore hardly compatible with gantry systems in medical tomography scanners. The other possibility is to use two-dimensional grating structures [11], which suffers from slow data acquisition as it requires phase stepping in two dimensions or, when used in single-shot mode, only provides reduced spatial resolution [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tilted grating interferometer for full vector field differential x-ray phase contrast tomography

et al. 2011

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We report on a setup for differential x-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography, that measures the full 2D phase-gradient information. The setup uses a simple one-dimensional x-ray grating interferometer, in which the grating structures of the interferometer are oriented at a tilt angle with respect to the sample rotation axis. In such a configuration, the differential phase images from opposing tomography projections can be combined to yield both components of the gradient vector. We show how the refractive index distribution as well as its x, y, and z gradient components can be reconstructed directly from the recorded projection data. The method can equally well be applied at conventional x-ray tube sources, to analyzer based x-ray imaging or neutron imaging. It is demonstrated with measurements of an x-ray phantom and a rat brain using synchrotron radiation. Abstract:We report on a setup for differential x-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography, that measures the full 2D phase-gradient information.The setup uses a simple one-dimensional x-ray grating interferometer, in which the grating structures of the interferometer are oriented at a tilt angle with respect to the sample rotation axis. In such a configuration, the differential phase images from opposing tomography projections can be combined to yield both components of the gradient vector. We show how the refractive index distribution as well as its x, y, and z gradient components can be reconstructed directly from the recorded projection data. The method can equally well be applied at conventional x-ray tube sources, to analyzer based x-ray imaging or neutron imaging. It is demonstrated with measurements of an x-ray phantom and a rat brain using synchrotron radiation. Pai, "Single-shot x-ray differential phase-contrast and diffraction imaging using two-dimensional transmission gratings," Opt. Lett. 35, 1932Lett. 35, -1934Lett. 35, (2010. 13. H. Itoh, K. Nagai, G. Sato, K. Yamaguchi, T. Nakamura, T. Kondoh, C. Ouchi, T. Teshima, Y. Setomoto, and T. Den, "Two-dimensional grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging using Fourier transform phase retrieval," Opt. , 189-195 (2007). 21. The out-of-plane component cancels out because the phase integration, which is implicit in the modified reconstruction kernel, is always performed along the same direction in the camera coordinate system. Considering for instance an integral from left to right through the PMMA cylinder at the bottom of Fig. 2(d), the signal at its left edge is ∂ t Φ + ∂ z Φ where the signal in the tomographic rotation plane is ∂ t Φ > 0 and the out-of-plane signal ∂ z Φ < 0. Integrating through the same edge of the sample in Fig. 2(e), the out-of-plane signal has changed sign ∂ z Φ > 0, while the in-plane signal has again the same sign as before ∂ t Φ > 0. Reconstructing a slice using filtered back projection over a full sample rotation of 2π, each projection pair corresponds to a single line in twodimensional Fourier space. The out of plane component cancels out since it is o...

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Single-shot x-ray differential phase-contrast and diffraction imaging using two-dimensional transmission gratings

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

Quantitative characterization of X-ray lenses from two fabrication techniques with grating interferometry

Quantitative characterization of X-ray lenses from two fabrication techniques with grating interferometry

Numerical Modeling and Experiment for Single Grid-Based Phase-Contrast X-Ray Imaging

A tilted grating interferometer for full vector field differential x-ray phase contrast tomography

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