Abstract. The article presents current trends in the use of the pectoralis major muscle in reconstructive and restorative operations for chest wall defects of infectious and inflammatory etiology. The analysis of available literary sources of databases was carried out: RSCI, Pubmed, Web of Science. The most topical issues on this problem are determined, namely: features of the anatomy and anomalies of the pectoralis major muscles; variants of pectoralis major muscle flaps; the main nosologies in which pectoralis major muscle plasty is used; complications of using flaps of the pectoralis major muscle.