Single-step procedure for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry screening and quantitative determination of amphetamine-type stimulants and related drugs in blood, serum, oral fluid and urine samples

Abstract

We describe a rapid GC/MS assay for amphetamine-type stimulant drugs (ATSs) and structurally related common medicaments in blood, serum, oral fluid and urine samples. The drugs were extracted from their matrices and derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) in a single step, using the following procedure: 100 microl (oral fluid) or 200 microl (blood, serum, urine) of the sample were mixed with 50 microl of alkaline buffer and 500 microl of extraction-derivatization reagent (toluene + HFBA + internal standard), centrifuged, and injected into a GC/MS apparatus. As revealed by the validation data this procedure, with its limit of quantitation being set at 20 ng/ml for oral fluid, 25 ng/ml for blood or 200 ng/ml for urine, is suitable for screening, identification and quantitative determination of the ATSs and related drugs in all the matrices examined. Thus, time-consuming and expensive multiple analyses are not needed, unless specifically required.

Roadside oral fluid testing: Comparison of the results of Drugwipe 5 and Drugwipe Benzodiazepines on-site tests with laboratory confirmation results of oral fluid and whole blood

“…For screening the whole blood samples, the chemicals and reagents in [16][17][18] were used. For the confirmation and quantitation of the amphetamines and benzodiazepines in whole blood, the chemicals and reagents listed in [18][19][20] were used.…”

Performance evaluation of the DrugWipe® 5/5+ on-site oral fluid screening device

“…The blood collection tubes (10 ml) contained sodium fluoride (100 mg) and potassium oxalate (22.50 mg) as chemical preservatives/anticoagulants. The screening and confirmation analyses of the whole blood samples were carried out at THL with methods or slightly modified methods described in [10,[14][15][16][17]. The investigated substances relevant to the DrugWipe device and their respective laboratory cut-offs in whole blood are listed in Table 2.…”

The toxicological challenges in the European research project DRUID

“…Several analytical methods that will be used for the analysis have recently been published or presented at international meetings [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”