Single-strand restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal DNA) for six species of Eimeria from chickens in Australia

Woods, Wayne G.; Whithear, Kevin G.; Richards, D. Grant; Anderson, Glenn R.; Jorgensen, W.K.; Gasser, Robin B.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00084-9

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A two-step PCR technique was used for differentiation of eight coccidian species. A PCR RFLP technique was used for characterisation of six species of coccidia in Australia (Woods et al 2000). However, conventional PCR has limitations in quantifying the number of Eimeria oocysts present in samples as well as detection of mixed-species infections which can be overcome by applications of realtime PCR.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Identification At Species Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of poultry coccidiosis: changing trends

Tewari

Maharana

2011

J Parasit Dis

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Coccidiosis is the most important protozoan disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Control of poultry coccidiosis is presently based on managerial skills and the use of prophylactic coccidiostatic drugs. With the emergence of drug resistant Eimeria strains, emphasis has been laid on development and use of safer vaccines; some of them have been commercialized successfully. The present review deals with the various factors responsible for the development of clinical coccidiosis in poultry as well as an overview of the currently available inducers and boosters of immunity against coccidiosis. There are three groups of vaccines currently available against coccidiosis which can be distinguished on the basis of characteristics of the Eimeria species included in the respective products, viz. vaccines based on live virulent strains, vaccines based on live attenuated strains, and vaccines based on live strains that are relatively tolerant to the ionophore compounds. The latter vaccine combines the early chemotherapeutic effect of ionophores with the late prophylactic effect of vaccination. Although in the near future more varieties of oocyst based live vaccines are expected, identification of selective coccidian-specific immunoprotective molecules is likely to get more attention to facilitate the sustainable control of poultry coccidiosis.

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Section: Diagnosis and Identification At Species Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of poultry coccidiosis: changing trends

Tewari

Maharana

2011

J Parasit Dis

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“…by using ITS-1 or ITS-2 sequences (Woods et al, 2000;Gasser et al, 2001;Lew et al, 2003;Haug et al, 2007) or sequence characterized amplification regions (SCARs) (Fernandez et al, 2003). Woods et al, (2000) described a polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymor-phism (PCR-RFLP) approach targeting the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) to characterize six Eimeria spp. However, the ITS sequences show some variability both within a genome as well as between species and strains (Cantacessi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Coccidian Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Diagnosis of Important Protozoan Diseases: Old and New Approaches

Satbige¹,

Rajendran²,

Patil³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Additionally, because this approach gave limited information about strain variation, further work was carried out to develop a test based on the use of the second ITS region. 25,27,[43][44][45] Universal probes for family (Eimeriidae) and genus (Eimeria) 28S rRNA (at the 3′ end) and 5.8S rRNA (at the 5′ end) sequences respectively flanking the second ITS region enabled identification of and discrimination between all seven species. It also made it possible to detect variation within a single Eimeria species.…”

Section: Targeted Pcr On Individual Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also made it possible to detect variation within a single Eimeria species. 44,45 Therefore, in addition to abolishing the need for isotopes, electrophoretic gels, and monospecific reference controls, the major advantage of this novel test was the ability to detect all seven Eimeria species and their genetic variants in a single PCR reaction. These universal primers were validated in testing two Eimeria species concurrently as well as field samples, and it was concluded by the authors that these tests are accurate, less laborious than previous tests, and cheap enough to be used for testing field samples in routine diagnostic laboratories.…”

Section: Targeted Pcr On Individual Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens on poultry farms using modern diagnostic tools

Frölich¹,

Farhat²,

Wallach³

2013

RIP

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Abstract:Coccidiosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Eimeria and is a major worldwide problem in the poultry industry today. The current strategies to control the disease still rely heavily on anticoccidial drugs and on the use of shuttle programs to periodically introduce attenuated live parasites onto poultry farms. Recently, because of the improved performance of broiler chickens, farmers are able to raise chickens for market within a period of only 5-6 weeks. This short growth period enables the development of strategies for coccidiosis control either by ensuring an even exposure of chickens to parasites in the litter, inducing immunity against reinfection, or by keeping parasite numbers below a threshold level wherein only subclinical infections will occur. Therefore, the development and use of new diagnostic tools to precisely identify the Eimeria species and strain and to measure the number of oocysts in the feces and litter can be very helpful in predicting exposure and designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in the field. The purpose of this study was to describe recently developed methods of diagnosis in terms of their sensitivity and usefulness, describe ways in which litter oocyst numbers can be quantitated, and start to develop an analytical tool that can be used for designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assay has been developed that enables the identification of all seven Eimeria species in a single reaction tube. Previous reports have shown it is possible to detect one oocyst using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay; however, other reports have found that under both laboratory and field conditions the minimal level of sensitivity is only 20 oocysts. In addition, the present authors' studies have found that when using spiked mixed samples, the level of detection of a contaminating Eimeria species is only 5%. Therefore, it is imperative that a new method be developed with a tenfold higher level of sensitivity for field-testing. Once this test is developed and validated, it can be used to monitor the litter and assess the parameters (climate, hygiene, breed of chicken, etc) that govern coccidial outbreaks on farms.

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Single-strand restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal DNA) for six species of Eimeria from chickens in Australia

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Control of poultry coccidiosis: changing trends

Control of poultry coccidiosis: changing trends

Advances in Diagnosis of Important Protozoan Diseases: Old and New Approaches

Designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens on poultry farms using modern diagnostic tools

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