Single Volume Localization and Water Suppression

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only non-invasive, non-radiation-based technique for investigating the metabolism of living tissue. MRS of protons (1H-MRS), which provides the highest sensitivity of all MR-visible nuclei, is a method capable of detecting and quantifying specific cardiac biomolecules, such as lipids and creatine in normal and diseased hearts in both animal models and humans. This can be used to study mechanisms of heart failure development in a longitudinal manner, for example, the potential contribution of myocardial lipid accumulation in the context of ageing and obesity. Similarly, quantifying creatine levels provides insight into the energy storage and buffering capacity in the heart. Creatine depletion is consistently observed in heart failure independent of aetiology, but its contribution to pathophysiology remains a matter of debate. These and other questions can in theory be answered with cardiac MRS, but fundamental technical challenges have limited its use. The metabolites studied with MRS are much lower concentration than water protons, requiring methods to suppress the dominant water signal and resulting in larger voxel sizes and longer scan times compared to MRI. However, recent technical advances in MR hardware and software have facilitated the application of 1H-MRS in humans and animal models of heart disease as detailed in this review.

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Standardization of Small Animal Imaging—Current Status and Future Prospects

Mannheim

Kara

Doorduin

et al. 2017

Mol Imaging Biol

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The benefit of small animal imaging is directly linked to the validity and reliability of the collected data. If the data (regardless of the modality used) are not reproducible and/or reliable, then the outcome of the data is rather questionable. Therefore, standardization of the use of small animal imaging equipment, as well as of animal handling in general, is of paramount importance. In a recent paper, guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control was offered and discussed, among others, the use of phantoms in setting up a quality control program (Osborne et al. 2016). The same phantoms can be used to standardize image quality parameters for multi-center studies or multi-scanners within center studies. In animal experiments, the additional complexity due to animal handling needs to be addressed to ensure standardized imaging procedures. In this review, we will address the current status of standardization in preclinical imaging, as well as potential benefits from increased levels of standardization.

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Single Volume Localization and Water Suppression

Cited by 4 publications

References 98 publications

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel

1H-MR spectroscopy for analysis of cardiac lipid and creatine metabolism

Standardization of Small Animal Imaging—Current Status and Future Prospects

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Single Volume Localization and Water Suppression

Cited by 4 publications

References 98 publications

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel

1H-MR spectroscopy for analysis of cardiac lipid and creatine metabolism

Standardization of Small Animal Imaging—Current Status and Future Prospects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel

In vivo proton observed carbon edited (POCE) ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rat brain using a volumetric transmitter and receive‐only surface coil on the proton channel