“…1, Gray, 1990. The in¯uence has also been indirect in that one of the most seminal in¯uences in academic accounting and ®nance has been the`Shef®eld School' who, themselves, were much in¯uenced by systems theory (see, e.g., Lowe & McInnes, 1971;Lowe & Tinker, 1977;Lowe et al, 1983).…”