Size and shape evolution of faceted bicrystal nanoparticles of gold on sapphire

Malyi, Oleksandr I.; Klinger, L.; Srolovitz, David J.; Rabkin, Eugen

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2011.01.030

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Post-characterization shows an almost perfect ½1 1 1 orientation with small angle grain boundaries subdividing the grain (red arrows). The importance of grain boundary movement on the evolution of dewetted Au islands has been shown in the work by Malyi et al [59], who observed grain boundary movement to maintain the rearrangement of bicrystalline particles to single crystalline ones similar to the first example shown here.…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…As pointed out by Malyi et al [59] low-energy facets inhibit surface diffusion due to energy barriers associated with the nucleation of surface steps [67,68]. Such barriers could explain the observation of Au islands remaining far from their equilibrium Winterbottom shape [59,69]. After the runtime of 4000 s of the experiments presented in this work, the dewetting process is completed except for the low temperature experiments, which are likely to have proceeded further if kept at the process temperature.…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…That individual Au islands generally do not reach their equilibrium shape might be related to faceting. As pointed out by Malyi et al [59] low-energy facets inhibit surface diffusion due to energy barriers associated with the nucleation of surface steps [67,68]. Such barriers could explain the observation of Au islands remaining far from their equilibrium Winterbottom shape [59,69].…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They further provide a good model system, as their dewetting behavior is extensively addressed [2,3,40,42,43,47,51,[59][60][61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The process of solid-state dewetting of Au thin films studied by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy

et al. 2015

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Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They further provide a good model system, as their dewetting behavior is extensively addressed [2,3,40,42,43,47,51,[59][60][61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The process of solid-state dewetting of Au thin films studied by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…(10), has three distinct roots in [0, π] -corresponding to two stable and one unstable equilibrium ("stable" equilibrium contact angles could, in principle, be obtained from the dynamical evolution). Although non-Winterbottom shapes have been observed in the experiments [38][39][40], there exists very few theoretical literature which can offer a good explanation and prediction. Based on a wide range of numerical results, we have developed a method to repair the classical Winterbottom construction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state dewetting and island morphologies in strongly anisotropic materials

et al. 2016

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We propose a sharp-interface continuum model based on a thermodynamic variational approach to investigate the strong anisotropic effect on solid-state dewetting including contact line dynamics. For sufficiently strong surface energy anisotropy, we show that multiple equilibrium shapes may appear that can not be described by the widely employed Winterbottom construction, i.e., the modified Wulff construction for an island on a substrate. We repair the Winterbottom construction to include multiple equilibrium shapes and employ our evolution model to demonstrate that all such shapes are dynamically accessible.Keywords: Solid-State Dewetting, Anisotropy, Winterbottom Construction, Surface Diffusion, Contact Line Migration.Solid-state dewetting is a ubiquitous phenomenon in thin film technology [1][2][3][4][5] which can either be deleterious, destabilizing a thin film structure, or advantageous, leading to the controlled formation of an array of nanoscale particles, e.g., used in sensor devices [6] and as catalysts for the growth of carbon or semiconductor nanowires [7,8]. Recently, solid-state dewetting has been attracting increased attention both because of interest in the underlying pattern formation physics and its potential application as an economical approach to obtain nanostructured surfaces and nanodevices [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].The dewetting of thin solid films deposited on substrates is similar to the dewetting of liquid films [19,20]. However, mass transport during solid-state dewetting is usually dominated by surface diffusion rather than fluid dynamics. Solid-state dewetting can be modeled as interfacetracking problem where morphology evolution is governed by surface diffusion and contact line migration [17,18]. In early studies, a number of simplifying assumptions were made in order to keep the analysis tractable. For example, under the assumption that all interface energies are isotropic, Srolovitz and Safran [9] proposed a sharpinterface model to analyze hole growth; based on the above model, Wong et al. [10,11] designed a "marker particle" numerical scheme to study the two-dimensional retraction of an island and a perturbed cylindrical wire on a substrate. Recently, we [17] solved a similar problem using a phase field approach that naturally captures the topological events that occur during evolution and is applicable in * Corresponding author.Email addresses: jiangwei1007@whu.edu.cn (Wei Jiang), matbaowz@nus.edu.sg (Weizhu Bao) any number of dimensions.However, many experiments have demonstrated that the morphology evolution that occurs during thin solid film dewetting is strongly affected by crystalline anisotropy [3]. Recent approaches that incorporate crystalline anisotropy have included a discrete model [12], a kinetic Monte Carlo method [13,14] and the crystalline method [15,16]. The main drawback of these approaches is that the evolution does not account for the full anisotropic free energy of the system or do not represent a completely mathematical description. To...

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Ag Thin Film Dewetting Prevention by Ion Implantation

Chi

Bassim

2019

Adv Materials Inter

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antidewetting upon SiO 2 /Si substrate by Al doping, yet neither of them provided a theoretical explanation to detail the mechanism. [26][27][28] Despite the contribu tion that the aforementioned approach made to increase thin film stability, novel strategies for film dewetting prevention are very much an open research ques tion. Here we introduce a novel antidewet ting strategy through ion implantation. Si and In atoms are implanted into Ag thin film to alter its wettability during thermal annealing. Si is primarily researched here because Ag-Si interdiffusion plays a crit ical role in modern Si-Ag based electro nics industry and a systematic research on Sidoped Ag thin films may provide essen tial reference for its further development. In has achieved antidewetting purpose according to Gu el al. thus is used here as additional support to our antidewet ting strategy. [27,28] Other elements such as Al, Cu, Pt that succeeded in Ag thin film dewetting prevention and Na that failed in this purpose are not discussed here due to the limited content. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Sapphire is widely used as substrate for epitaxial growth of IIInitride, LEDs, and microelectronic applications due to its wide optical bandgap, superior chemical and mechanical robustness. Thus, it is selected as the substrate in our research. Furthermore studying on Ag nanostructure upon sapphire could be helpful to develop novel optical or plasmonic applications. [14,[33][34][35][36] It is found that a doping dose of 10 14 cm −2 Si or In atoms are sufficient to prevent Ag film from fracture at 530 °C. A novel grain growth model is established here and, combined with our thermodynamic simulation, shows that the Ag dewetting is pre vented due to the substantially decreased film grain size attrib uted to the dopantinduced solute drag.100 nm Ag films are prepared by sputtering (Torr Inter national, Inc.) at room temperature and at a base pressure of ≈5 × 10 −6 Torr on polished single crystal sapphire substrates. Figure 1a,b shows the optical microscopy images of a) as deposited Ag film and b) Sidoped Ag film before (top) and after (bottom) annealing, respectively. No evident distinctions can be observed from either sample before heat treatment, there is simply the high reflectivity image, which is generally feature less in optical microscopy. However, upon annealing at 530 °C for 30 min in an at a vacuum of 10 −5 Torr, which is a common temperature window in the semiconductor industry, the non doped Ag film appears to have obvious microscale islanding and exposes the sapphire subsurface while the Sidoped sample remains intact. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images with higher magnification are shown in Figure 1c-e which Ion implantation is applied here to prevent metallic silver (Ag) thin films from dewetting on a sapphire substrate during annealing. In these experiments, silicon (Si) and indium (In) atoms are implanted into Ag thin films grown directly on sapphire, which are then annealed for different time periods to introduce film dewetting. I...

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Size and shape evolution of faceted bicrystal nanoparticles of gold on sapphire

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

The process of solid-state dewetting of Au thin films studied by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy

The process of solid-state dewetting of Au thin films studied by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy

Solid-state dewetting and island morphologies in strongly anisotropic materials

Ag Thin Film Dewetting Prevention by Ion Implantation

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