Size Control of Polymeric Particle in Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization

Abstract

The process of synthesis of polymeric particle in soap-free system was observed in-situ on the molecular scale by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Using cationic water-soluble initiators enabled all of the polymeric materials to be adsorbed on the mica surface electrostatically. This adsorption technique of polymeric materials in the bulk obtained the AFM images of them throughout the reaction and to discuss the real growth mechanism of polymeric particles. The followings are found; the polymeric materials are continuously generated in the bulk throughout the reaction; and they make a contribution to the particle growth. Furthermore, soap-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of aromatic vinyl monomer using oil-soluble initiators was studied to synthesize micronsized particles. Oil-soluble initiator, such as AIBN, worked like a water-soluble initiator in SFEP to prepare monodispersed particles with negative charges, probably because of the pi electron cloud of phenyl ring in a monomer. The addition of an electrolyte enabled secondary particles in the bulk to enhance hetero-coagulation rate for particle growth. Changing the concentration and valence of electrolyte enabled us to control the size in SFEP using AIBN. These methods enabled reaction time to be reduced for the synthesis of micron-sized polymeric particles in soap-free system.

Synthesis and Study of the Optical Properties of PMMA Microspheres and Opals

“…It is also important to mention that no relation was found between the reaction variables used in this study. Yamamoto and Higashitani [ 30 ] have suggested that a positive potential for the PMMA microspheres is associated to the functional groups in the initiator V50. If this were the case, the bands corresponding to C-N and N-H vibrations would be present in the FT-IR and Raman spectra.…”

Synthesis of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanogels in an aqueous environment using precipitation polymerization: unusually high volume change

“…As an environmentally-protective measure, the synthesis should be carried out in water and this was only partially possible. Acrylic acid was added as the comonomer during the emulsion polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) [32][33][34][35][36][37]. Unfortunately, the molar content of AA in these gels did not exceed 40%.…”