Size controlled fullerene nanoparticles prepared by guest exchange of γ-cyclodextrin complexes in water

Abstract

Fullerene nanoparticles (nCx; x = 60 or 70) with a monodisperse size and morphology are obtained through guest exchange of a γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) complex.

Introduction of Fullerenes into Hydrogels via Formation of Fullerene Nanoparticles

“…These results are in good agreement with the UV−vis spectra, in which the characteristic peak of solvated fullerene red shifts from 331 to 343 nm. The red shift of the peak at 331 nm usually indicates an increase in the size of the fullerene nanoparticles . Notably, the histogram of C 60 −gel ( 30 ) clearly shows the presence of small nanoparticles similar to those observed in C 60 −gel ( 10 ) (Figure f).…”

“…We recently reported that PEG accelerates decomposition of the fullerene−γ‐CD complex and formation of fullerene nanoparticles ,. Thus, we believe that gelatin polymer might also affect the stability of the fullerene−γ‐CD complex and induce fullerene nanoparticle formation (Figure ).…”

“…Therefore, in the presence of seed crystals, the molecules in a supersaturated solution are preferentially used for growth of seed crystals rather than crystal nucleation. However, for growth of C 60 nanoparticles, the nucleation and growth processes are both very fast because of the very low solubility of C 60 in water . Therefore, the probabilities of formation of new nuclei and growth of seed crystals are the same, which supports formation of small fullerene nanoparticles during the fullerene transfer reaction.…”

Fullerene–porphyrin hybrid nanoparticles that generate activated oxygen by photoirradiation

“…Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEG) was recently observed to accelerate the decomposition of fullerene C 60 -g-CD complexes in water, which leads to the rapid aggregation of C 60 to form water-dispersible C 60 NPs. 11 In this method, C 60 -g-CD complexes can exist as stable isolated molecules in water, enabling the precise size control and step-wise growth of C 60 NPs. 12,13 Herein, the preparation of hybrid NPs comprising C 60 and hydrophobic porphyrin molecules are reported.…”

“…Hence, the 1 H NMR data conrm the decomposition of the C 60g-CD complexes and the formation of water-dispersible C 60 NPs, as previously reported. [11][12][13] The effect of PEG on 1-TMe-b-CD complexes was also investigated by 1 H-NMR as shown in Fig. S2.…”