Size distribution, characterization and risk assessment of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during haze periods in Phayao Province, northern Thailand

Pooltawee, Jaturaporn; Pimpunchat, Busayamas; Junyapoon, Suwannee

doi:10.1007/s11869-017-0497-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The TEFs by Nisbet and LaGoy [ 27 ] seem to be used the most often, although many authors used the modified version with a TEF value of 1.0 for DahA instead of 5.0. However, some studies were more similar to this study regarding the measured particle fraction and TEF schemes applied [ 9 , 10 , 47 ]. Results from the study of Pooltawee et al [ 9 ] and Kozielska et al [ 10 ] were higher than the results that were obtained in this study, especially during the heating period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…However, some studies were more similar to this study regarding the measured particle fraction and TEF schemes applied [ 9 , 10 , 47 ]. Results from the study of Pooltawee et al [ 9 ] and Kozielska et al [ 10 ] were higher than the results that were obtained in this study, especially during the heating period. Carcinogenic potencies determined using a modified Nisbet and LaGoy scheme were similar or slightly lower than TCPs calculated in this study at some similar locations, for PM 10 [ 30 , 32 , 39 , 51 ], PM 2.5 [ 4 , 31 , 39 , 49 ], and PM 1 [ 2 ] particle fraction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Fine particles can reach all the way down to the alveoli in the lungs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and can also penetrate from the lung alveoli into the blood circulation [ 7 ]. Smaller particles, such as PM 1 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm) and especially ultrafine particles (particles smaller than 0.1 μm in diameter), have recently attracted significant scientific attention and are also considered to be of importance in the context of adverse health effects induced by particulate pollution [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, the air quality standards for particulate matter in most countries are still limited to PM 10 and PM 2.5 particle fraction and often exceed the WHO guideline limits [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the assessment of the carcinogenic potency of airborne PAHs, most studies focused on only one particle fraction. Investigations were mostly carried out on the PM 10 or PM 2.5 particle fractions only [ 4 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] and seldom on PM 1 or smaller fractions [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. However, previous studies comparing the PAH content of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 1 (or smaller) fractions showed that the contribution of individual PAHs can vary significantly in different particle fractions [ 2 , 20 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it can be expected that carcinogenic potency will also differ significantly for different particle fractions. However, there is limited number of studies determining simultaneously the carcinogenic activity of PAHs in different particle fractions [ 9 , 20 , 36 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carcinogenic Potency of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Relation to the Particle Fraction Size

Pehnec

Jakovljević

2018

IJERPH

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are bound to particulate matter can have adverse effects on human health. Particle size plays an important role in assessing health risks. The aim of this study was to compare concentrations of PAHs bound to particle fractions PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, as well as to estimate their carcinogenic potency and relative contributions of the individual PAHs to the carcinogenic potency in relation to the size of the particle. Measurements of ten PAHs were carried out in 2014 at an urban location in the northern part of Zagreb, Croatia. 24-h samples of the PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 particle fraction were collected over forty days per season. Carcinogenic potency of PAHs was estimated by calculating benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentrations while using three different toxic equivalence factor (TEF) schemes. The total carcinogenic potency (TCP) and percentage contributions differed significantly depending on the TEF scheme used. The lowest PAH mass concentrations and TCPs were in summer and the highest in winter. The contributions of individual PAHs to the sum of PAH mass concentrations remained similar in all fractions and seasons, while in fractions PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–1 they varied significantly. Road traffic represented the important source of PAHs in all fractions and throughout all seasons. Other sources (wood and biomass burning, petroleum combustion) were also present, especially during winter as a consequence of household heating. The highest contribution to the TCP came from benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)antrachene, indeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene (together between 87% and 96%) in all fractions and seasons. In all cases, BaP showed the highest contribution to the TCP regardless relatively low contributions to the mass of total PAHs and it can be considered as a good representative for assessing the carcinogenicity of the PAH mixture. When comparing the TCP of PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 fractions, it was found that about 21–26% of carcinogenic potency of the PAH mixture belonged to the PM2.5 fraction. Comparison of TCP in PM2.5 and PM1 showed that about 86% of carcinogenic potency belonged to the PM1 fraction, regardless of the TEF scheme used.

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