Size doesn’t matter: The effects of seed size and seeding rate on injury by root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to canola (Brassica rapa L. and B. napus L.)

Soroka, Juliana J.; Elliott, Richard

doi:10.4141/p05-175

Can. J. Plant Sci.

2006

DOI: 10.4141/p05-175

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Size doesn’t matter: The effects of seed size and seeding rate on injury by root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to canola (Brassica rapa L. and B. napus L.)

Juliana J. Soroka¹,

Richard Elliott²

Abstract: . Size doesn't matter: The effects of seed size and seeding rate on injury by root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to canola (Brassica rapa L. and B. napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 907-909. In 16 experiments at two locations over six years, seed size had no effect on feeding levels by crucifer-feeding root maggots (Delia spp.) in Brassica rapa nor in B. napus. Root maggot injury in B. rapa declined as seeding rates increased. Damage to plants grown from small seed increased as root diameter incr… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…Seed size had no effect on root maggot injury (Delia spp.) in B. rapa and B. napus (Soroka and Elliott 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

Elliott¹,

Franke²,

Rakow³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. W. 2008. Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 207Á217. A 3-yr study was conducted on four Brassica napus L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on the performance and tolerance of canola seedlings to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed lots of a doubled haploid cultivar (Cyclone), hybrid cultivar (AC H102) and two open-pollinated cultivars (Profit and AC Elect) were sieved to obtain small, medium, large and very large seeds (1.4Á1.6, 1.6Á1.8, 1.8Á2.0 and 2.0Á2.2 mm diameter, respectively). Under controlled environmental conditions, leaf area, shoot weight and biomass of seedlings from large and very large seeds were 1.3Á2.0 times greater than those of seedlings from small seeds. Under field conditions without insecticides, seedlings from small seeds of each cultivar had the highest flea beetle damage, poorest establishment, and lowest shoot weight, biomass and yield. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved seedling establishment, shoot weight, biomass and yield by 1.1, 1.6Á2.0, 3.0Á3.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings from large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings from medium or small seeds. Seedling vigour and tolerance was due to a higher initial shoot biomass and higher growth rate when flea beetle damage was severe. When damage exceeded 50%, large heavy seeds had the best stand establishment, best shoot growth and highest yield in each cultivar. . En milieu controˆle´, la superficie foliaire, le poids des pousses et la biomasse des plantules issues des grosses et tre`s grosses graines sont de 1,3 a`2,0 fois plus importants que ceux des plantules venant de petites semences. Au champ, sans application d'insecticide, les plantules issues des petites graines de chaque cultivar e´taient les plus abıˆme´es par l'altise, s'implantaient le plus difficilement et donnaient les pousses au poids, a`la biomasse et au rendement les plus faibles. Comparativement aux petites semences, les grosses graines ame´liorent l'e´tablissement des plantules, le poids des pousses, la biomasse et le rendement de 1,1, 1,6 a`2,0, 3,0 a`3,5 et 1,5 fois, respectivement. Les re´sultats indiquent que les plantules ne´es des grosses semences sont plus vigoureuses et tole`rent mieux les dommages des altises que celles issues de graines de petit ou de moyen calibre. La vigueur et la tole´rance des plantules sont attribuables a`une plus grande biomasse de la pousse au de´part et a`un taux de croissance plus rapide quand les altises causent le plus de dommages. Lorsque les dommages de´passent 50%, les grosses semences permettent l'e´tablissement du meilleur peuplement, la plus forte croissance des pousses et le rendement le plus e´leve´, peu importe le cultivar.

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“…Seed size had no effect on root maggot injury (Delia spp.) in B. rapa and B. napus (Soroka and Elliott 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

Elliott¹,

Franke²,

Rakow³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Classical biological control of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum , in Canadian canola: an analysis of research needs.

Andreassen¹,

Kuhlmann²,

Mason³

et al. 2008

CABI Reviews

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The cabbage root fly (=cabbage maggot), Delia radicum, has increased in importance over the past two decades as a pest of canola (oilseed rape) in Canada. Although D. radicum has been a part of the North American insect fauna for some time, it is not native, so the introduction of natural enemy species from Europe is being considered for integration with existing management strategies. The biology of D. radicum, the injuries it causes to the crop, and strategies already available for its control are briefly reviewed, followed by the process by which Aleochara bipustulata, a predator and parasitoid of D. radicum, was identified as the most promising candidate for introduction in a classical biological control programme. The literature on A. bipustulata and other species in the same genus is then brought together to illustrate the importance of studies to evaluate the potential of A. bipustulata to provide control, and its effects on non-target species.

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Belowground Herbivory and Plant Defenses

Dam

2009

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

195

148

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Belowground-feeding herbivores may be very destructive to plants. Roots are known to produce various defense compounds to protect themselves against these herbivores, both with direct and indirect—inducible—defense compounds. Recent literature reviews reveal no overall pattern for root-shoot defense allocation. Optimal defense allocation patterns within roots may be predicted with an ecophysiological model taking into account the value and vulnerability of root classes. Induced responses elicited by root herbivores are likely to result in systemic responses in the shoots. These systemic responses may affect aboveground herbivores and higher trophic levels. This calls into question whether root-to-shoot systemic induction is an adaptive response. Physiological responses conferring tolerance may co-occur with resistance responses, depending on the biotic and abiotic environment of the roots. More detailed analyses of root defenses and the feeding sites of herbivores are needed to gain a better understanding of optimal defense allocation in roots.

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Size doesn’t matter: The effects of seed size and seeding rate on injury by root maggots (Delia spp., Diptera: Anthomyiidae) to canola (Brassica rapa L. and B. napus L.)

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

Classical biological control of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum , in Canadian canola: an analysis of research needs.

Belowground Herbivory and Plant Defenses

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