Size effect of the surface energy density of nanoparticles

Yao, Yin; Wei, Yaochi; Chen, Shaohua

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2015.01.016

Cited by 94 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Another critical issue that is under fierce debate is the measurable values of the surface energy of Ag NCs. Unlike bulk Ag crystals that are estimated in the range of 1.065–1.54 J m −2 , the values of Ag NCs are rather ambiguous, varying from 1.0 to 7.2 J m −2 . The size effect and structure reconstruction are believed to have significant influences on the surface energy of Ag NCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, theoretical models from the perspective of thermodynamics indicate that the surface energy of metal NCs should decrease with decreasing particle size . However, simulations using size‐dependent lattice parameters propose a contrary conclusion: that the surface energy of NCs should be larger than their bulk counterparts. With a number of simulations, the surface energy of Ag clusters and NCs is mainly predicted to be lower than 2.2 J m −2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Energy and Surface Stability of Ag Nanocrystals at Elevated Temperatures and Their Dominance in Sublimation-Induced Shape Evolution

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2017

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The surface energy and surface stability of Ag nanocrystals (NCs) are under debate because the measurable values of the surface energy are very inconsistent, and the indices of the observed thermally stable surfaces are apparently in conflict. To clarify this issue, a transmission electron microscope is used to investigate these problems in situ with elaborately designed carbon-shell-capsulated Ag NCs. It is demonstrated that the {111} surfaces are still thermally stable at elevated temperatures, and the victory of the formation of {110} surfaces over {111} surfaces on the Ag NCs during sublimation is due to the special crystal geometry. It is found that the Ag NCs behave as quasiliquids during sublimation, and the cubic NCs represent a featured shape evolution, which is codetermined by both the wetting equilibrium at the Ag-C interface and the relaxation of the system surface energy. Small Ag NCs (≈10 nm) no longer maintain the wetting equilibrium observed in larger Ag NCs, and the crystal orientations of ultrafine Ag NCs (≈6 nm) can rotate to achieve further shape relaxation. Using sublimation kinetics, the mean surface energy of Ag NCs at 1073 K is calculated to be 1.1-1.3 J m .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Energy and Surface Stability of Ag Nanocrystals at Elevated Temperatures and Their Dominance in Sublimation-Induced Shape Evolution

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2017

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“…A new elasticity theory for nanomaterials and nanostructures has been developed recently [40], which provides an alternative way to account for the surface effect at nanoscales [41][42][43]. In the new theory, the surface of nanomaterials is also regarded as a zero-thickness layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckling behavior of nanowires predicted by a new surface energy density model

Yao

Chen

2016

Acta Mech

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The axial buckling behavior of nanowires is investigated with a new continuum theory, in which the surface effect of nanomaterials is characterized by the surface energy density. Only the surface energy density of bulk materials and the surface relaxation parameter are involved, instead of the surface elastic constants in the classical surface elasticity theory. Two kinds of nanowires with different boundary conditions are discussed. It is demonstrated that the new continuum theory can predict the buckling behavior of nanowires very well. Similar to the prediction of the classical elasticity theory, the critical compressive load of axial buckling of nanowires predicted by the new continuum theory increases with an increasing characteristic length, such as the diameter or height of nanowires. With the same aspect ratio, a nanowire with a rectangular cross section possesses a larger critical buckling load than that with a circular one. However, the surface effect could enhance the critical buckling load not only for a fixed-fixed nanowire but also for a cantilevered one in contrast to the classical elastic model. All the results predicted by the new continuum theory agree well with predictions by the surface elasticity models. The present research not only verifies the validation of the new continuum theory, but also gives a much more convenient characterization of buckling behaviors of nanowires. This should be helpful for the design of nanodevices based on nanomaterials, for example, nanobeams in NEMS or high-precision instruments.

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“…Two opposite trends of size-dependent surface energy density of nanomaterials have, however, been reported by different studies [19][20][21]. Yin Yao et al reported that surface energy density decreases with the increase in nanoparticles size [22]. In another recent study by Wang et al, atomic simulations done to calculate the surface energy density of spherical nanosurfaces found that the average surface energy density almost remains constant once its radius exceeds 5 nm [21].…”

Section: Hr-tem Observations Of Nanofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructuring of 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride in ionic liquid–iron oxide nanofluids

Joseph

Fal

Żyła

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Understanding the behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) in ionic liquid-based nanofluids has great significance for its proper application. The phase changes and solidification observed in most ILs offer a great challenge to nanoparticles stabilization. Herein, we have synthesized and characterized a new type of IL-based iron oxide nanofluids using 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride. We have investigated the formation of dendrite-like nanostructures by 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride at the IL-nanoparticle interface. This solidification induced under high electric field was nanoparticle size dependent and may be controlled by temperature and frequency changes. Examining the rheological behavior showed that higher volume fraction of nanoparticles in this nanofluids drastically decreased the flow viscosity causing a crossover from non-Newtonian (pure IL) to Newtonian and then to shear-thinning behavior. The nanofluid stability also decreased with the increase in nanoparticle size.

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Size effect of the surface energy density of nanoparticles

Cited by 94 publications

References 42 publications

Surface Energy and Surface Stability of Ag Nanocrystals at Elevated Temperatures and Their Dominance in Sublimation-Induced Shape Evolution

Surface Energy and Surface Stability of Ag Nanocrystals at Elevated Temperatures and Their Dominance in Sublimation-Induced Shape Evolution

Buckling behavior of nanowires predicted by a new surface energy density model

Nanostructuring of 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride in ionic liquid–iron oxide nanofluids

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