Size exclusion chromatography sample pretreatment for GC‐AED analysis of metalloporphyrins in crude oils

Zeng, Yadi; Uden, Peter C.

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240170406

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The most common method for the recovery of metalloporphyrins from oil is based on specific solvent extraction of porphyrins by using methanol, 27,50,51 acetonitrile, 48 methylene chloride, 52 or an aqueous solution of pyridine. 19,29,53 The extraction with organic solvents seems to preserve the complexation of the metals and is also more effective than that with methane-sulfonic acid (MSA). 25,28 Alternatively, oil is mixed with alumina or silica in order to fix the porphyrins and increase the leaching efficiency with specific solvents (methanol, CH 2 Cl 2 or pyridine).…”

Section: Extraction Methods For the Specific Recovery Of The Metallop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of chromatography with atomic spectrometry offers a convenient tool for an insight into the distribution of metals among the different classes of species. Ideally, the detection should be carried out on-line which was achieved in LC with ICP AES 14,30,50 and in GC with MIP-AED 53 or ICP MS. 35,37,54 The potential of the ICP MS detection in LC of petroleumrelated samples is largely underexplored.…”

Section: Liquid Chromatographic Methods For the Separation Purificati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Caumette

Lienemann²,

Merdrignac³

et al. 2009

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

101

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Section: Extraction Methods For the Specific Recovery Of The Metallop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Liquid Chromatographic Methods For the Separation Purificati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Element speciation analysis of petroleum and related materials

Caumette

Lienemann²,

Merdrignac³

et al. 2009

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

101

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“…Mo and V are found in nitrogenase 3. Metalloporphyrins have also been found in fossil fuels: V porphyrins in kerogens,11 and in heavy petroleum,12 V and Ni porphyrins in crude oils 13–18. Metalloporphyrins containing V, Ga and Fe,19,, 20 as well as Mo and Ni,21 have been observed in coals and Ga porphyrins in coal extracts 22.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of organically associated trace elements in wood and coal by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Richaud

Lázaro

Lachas

et al. 2000

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used to extract samples of wood (forest residue) and coal; the extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using two different sample preparation methods, in order to identify trace elements associated with the organic part of the samples. A sample of fly ash was similarly extracted and analysed in order to assess the behaviour of the mineral matter contained within the wood and coal samples. 32% of the biomass was extracted at the higher temperature and 12% at room temperature while only 12% of the coal was extracted at the higher temperature and 3% at room temperature. Less than 2% of the ash dissolved at the higher temperature. Size exclusion chromatograms of the extracts indicated the presence of significant amounts of large molecular mass materials (>1000 mu) in the biomass and coal extracts but not in the ash extract. Trace element analyses were carried out using ICP-MS on the acid digests prepared by 'wet ashing' and microwave extraction. Sixteen elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V and Zn) were quantified, in the samples before extraction, in the extracts and in the residues. Concentrations of trace elements in the original biomass sample were lower than in the coal sample while the concentrations in the ash sample were the highest. The major trace elements in the NMP extracts were Ba, Cu, Mn and Zn from the forest residue; Ba, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn from the coal; Cu and Zn from the ash. These elements are believed to be associated with the organic extracts from the forest residue and coal, and also from the ash. Be and Sb were not quantified in the extracts because they were present at too low concentrations; up to 40% of Mn was extracted from the biomass sample at 202 degrees C, while Se was totally extracted from the ash sample. For the forest residue, approximately 7% (at room temperature) and 45% (at 202 degrees C) of the total trace elements studied were in the extract; for the coal, approximately 8% (at room temperature) and 23% (at 202 degrees C) were in the extract. For the ash, only 1.4% of the trace elements were extracted at 202 degrees C, comprising 25% of Cd but less than 1% of Pb.

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“…In order to further verify the degree of evaporation of the sample inside the chamber at 400 ⁰C, experiments corresponding to gas chromatography simulated distillation were performed for the petroleum residues. 45,46 It was verified that, at this temperature, the percentages of evaporated sample were 30, 15 and virtually 0% for the VD, AR and VR, respectively. Therefore, the evaporation of the heavy residues inside the hTISIS could not be considered to be a dominating process.…”

Section: Comparison With a Cyclonic Spray Chambermentioning

confidence: 75%