Size matters: Scale mismatch between space use patterns of tigers and protected area size in a Tropical Dry Forest

Chundawat, Raghunandan S.; Sharma, Koustubh; Gogate, Neel; Malik, P. K.; Vanak, Abi Tamim

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.03.004

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Another reason for the comparatively larger home range of males in our study area (both reintroduced and historic population) could be because of minimum intra-sex competition (Majumder et al 2012) due to low male tiger density or other unexplained factors. In such situations or when there is large overlap of male home ranges including floater males (Chundawat et al 2016), the population dynamics gets affected, and positively, the females perhaps gain enhanced opportunity to genetic choices for progeny (Reddy et al 2016), which is otherwise limited in large carnivores (Larivière and Ferguson 2003). Male home ranges were larger than those of females, as would be expected in any tiger population and also in other majorly solitary carnivores (Sandell 1989a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Given that the tiger is a secretive and elusive species, understanding such behavioural responses is highly challenging, unless equipped with suitable monitoring tools, such as radio or GPS telemetry. There has not been many previous studies which could utilize such technological inputs and where it was attempted, except for the long-term study carried out in Chitwan National Park during the 1980s (Sunquist 1981;Smith 1993); sample sizes had always been low, constraining data quality and interpretations (Seidensticker 1976(Seidensticker , 2010Chundawat 1997;Chundawat et al 2016;Karanth and Sunquist 2000;Smith 1984;Sankar et al 2010;Barlow et al 2011;Athreya et al 2014;Sharma et al 2010Sharma et al , 2011Chakravarty 2009;Majumder et al 2012;Schaller 2009). Dispersal events to a new environment reflect the ability of the animals to implement decision process linked to fitness (Smith 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Tests for site fidelity have provided valuable insights into the spatial ecology and sociality of a population (Spencer et al 1990;Swihart and Slade 1997). Reintroduced and offspring males home ranges were significantly larger than other male tiger home ranges reported for Indian tigers, except the historic tiger population in Panna which also large home range than other tiger populations (Chundawat et al 2016). However, female home ranges were only marginally larger than other reported female home ranges but was significantly larger than the historic female population in Panna.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These included one telemetry (Goodrich et al 2010) and four snow tracking studies (Matyushkin 1978;Poddubnaya and Kovalev 1993;Salkina 1993;Yudakov and Nikolaev 1987) on Amur tigers; 12 telemetry-based studies (Seidensticker 1976;Sunquist 1981Sunquist , 2010Chundawat 1997;Chundawat et al 1999;Karanth and Sunquist 2000;Smith 1984;Sankar et al 2010;Barlow et al 2011;Athreya et al 2014;Sharma et al 2011;Chakravarty 2009;Majumder et al 2012), one camera trap-based study (Sharma et al 2010) and one field observation-based home range study (Schaller 2009) on Indian tiger; three radio telemetry-based (Report ZSL 2003;Priatna et al 2012;Maddox et al 2007) and one camera trap-based projects (Franklin et al 1999) on Sumatran tigers. Majority of these studies (18 studies) estimated home ranges based on 100 % MCP, while only few studies adopted other methods for home range estimations (three studies with 95 % MCP and two studies with 95 % FK methods).…”

Section: Home Range Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India

et al. 2016

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Reintroduction of the tiger (Panthera tigris) has become imperative to address the extinction crisis and, it also provides new knowledge of the species biology as to how these animals explore and utilize new environments. We studied six reintroduced tigers and three of their offsprings in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India, focusing on exploration strategy, movement characteristics and spatio-temporal home range patterns. It was found that the release site had no influence on home range selection by the reintroduced tigers, regardless of the release method (soft or hard release) and origin (wild caught or raised in captivity). Although there was a high rate of initial movement, these animals exhibited strong site fidelity and territoriality subsequently. Mean (±SD) annual home ranges of male and female tigers were 132.7 km 2 ± 9.0 and 73.6 km 2 ± 9.6, respectively, and did not differ significantly across seasons. The home range sizes of males were among the largest in India and was also marginally larger for females. Comparison with previous telemetry study on historic tiger population in the same site suggests that the reintroduced animals behaved almost exactly the same way as that of native populations, offering support for reintroduction strategies which look to restore not only the species population but also ecosystem functions. The exploratory strategy and subsequent home range establishment by the reintroduced tigers offer novel insights on species behaviour in a new environment, with implication for future conservation strategies that consider translocation-based recovery of tiger populations in the range countries.Keywords Home range . Intra-specific interaction . Large carnivores . Movement ecology . Reintroduction Patterns of space use and distribution reveal key information on species biology and behaviour. These patterns relate closely to demographic parameters (Smith and Mcdougal 1991; Wielgus et al. 2001) that affect population viability (Chapron et al. 2008;Packer et al. 2009), sex ratio (Emlen and Oring 1977), degree of polygyny (Yudakov and Nikolaev 1987;Smith and Mcdougal 1991) and effective population size of a species (Smith and Mcdougal 1991;Chepko-Sade et al. 1987;Clutton-Brock and Harvey 1978). Spatial occupancy pattern or home range sizes have an inverse relationship with population density (Majumder et al. 2012) due to resource limitations. Accordingly, individual animal space use defines the area negotiated for foraging, shelter and reproduction (Burt 1943;Powell 2012). Studies of animal space use patterns and ecological processes underlying those patterns potentially enable improved management inputs for conservation of threatened wild species (Wilson 2010). This important knowledge is possible only by advanced telemetry methods which allow close observations, collection of sufficient spatial location data and subsequent analyses with required precision and accuracy (Kaczensky et al. 2008).The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the top-order predator in the Indian subcontinent, with high fl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Home Range Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India

et al. 2016

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“…However, India does not have a comprehensive landuse policy (Department of Land Resources, 2013), which may lead to unchecked land conversion near forest fringes. Moreover, most of the reserves that contain these isolated tiger populations are not large enough to sustain the steadily growing tiger population (Chundawat et al, 2016). This leads to an intensification of conflict between the growing tiger population and a human population of 1.25 billion increasing at a rate of 1.7% annually (Chandramouli, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triage of Means: Options for Conserving Tiger Corridors beyond Designated Protected Lands in India

et al. 2016

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The latest tiger census conducted in India during the year 2014 shows that it harbors 57% of the global tiger population in 7% of their historic global range. At the same time, India has 1.25 billion people growing at a rate of 1.7% per year. Protected tiger habitats in India are geographically isolated and collectively holds this tiger population under tremendous anthropogenic pressure. These protected lands are in itself not enough to sustain the growing tiger population, intensifying human-tiger conflict as dispersing individuals enter human occupied areas. These factors-isolation and inadequate size of the protected lands harboring tiger meta-populations, highlight the need to connect tiger habitats and the importance of corridors beyond protected lands. It is imperative to conserve such corridors passing through private lands to safeguard the long-term survival of the tigers in India. The goal of long-term tiger conservation in India lies in smartly integrating tiger conservation concerns in various sectors where tiger conservation is not the priority. To effectively tap into all these resources, we propose a "Triage of Means" strategy. Here we do not prioritize species, populations or sites due to the non-availability of conservation resources. Instead, we aim to channel from available resources (means to achieve conservation) from other sectors where tiger conservation is not the focus. We outline how to prioritize resources available from various sectors into conservation by prioritizing issues hampering tiger conservation beyond protected habitats.

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Connecting tiger (Panthera tigris) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas

Bhatt

Castley

Sims-Castley

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Size matters: Scale mismatch between space use patterns of tigers and protected area size in a Tropical Dry Forest

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India

Movement and home range characteristics of reintroduced tiger (Panthera tigris) population in Panna Tiger Reserve, central India

Triage of Means: Options for Conserving Tiger Corridors beyond Designated Protected Lands in India

Connecting tiger (Panthera tigris) populations in Nepal: Identification of corridors among tiger‐bearing protected areas

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