Skeletal integrity in layers at the completion of egg production

Newman, S.; Leeson, S.

doi:10.1079/wps19970021

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The summer-raised birds were not evaluated, as they were removed from the study after wk 6 due to excessive environmental heat. Researchers of alternative rearing systems for layers have indicated that physical activity would enhance bone strength [24]; however, others [25,26] found that increased activity did not change the shear strength of the tibia. No Salmonella or Campylobacter counts were found in any of the cecal or environmental samples in this experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance of fast-growing broilers reared under different types of production systems with outdoor access: Implications for organic and alternative production systems

Moyle

Arsi

Woo-Ming

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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Outdoor access is an important part of organic and free-range poultry production, yet limited information exists on the effect of various housing and production systems on growth performance and colonization of food-borne pathogens. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influence of different housing systems, particularly fixed versus small, portable houses, with and without outdoor access to pasture, on seasonal growth performance, leg quality, and presence of bacterial food-borne pathogens. In the current study, we used fastgrowing broilers, as many small producers use commercial broilers due to their carcass conformation and high breast yield compared with slow-growing hybrids or standard heritage breeds. Although interest in alternative genetics exists because they may be more adapted to outdoor production, they require longer growing periods, with accompanying labor and cost. A pasture containing a mixture of forages was used to simulate the conditions common for small farms in the local region. The experiment had 4 treatment groups: (1) small, portable hoop houses with access to pasture, (2) small, portable hoop houses without access to pasture, (3) a fixed house with access to the outdoors, and (4) a fixed house without access to the outdoors. The present study was repeated at different times of the year to determine if a seasonal effect on the consumption of pasture and carcass quality was present. Overall, raising birds in hoop houses resulted in a reduced growth rate compared with birds raised in the fixed house. None of the production systems altered bone strength or feed conversion. Food-borne pathogens commonly associated with poultry were not found in any of the environments tested. Seasonal production was an issue in the small hoop house birds, as extreme heat in the summer resulted in early termination of that trial. Expanding on forage choice in pastures and customizing hoop houses to deal with weather fluctuations, especially in regions where extreme heat may affect production, are important considerations for these systems.Key words: free range , broiler , range management , organic 2014 J. Appl. Poult. Res. 23 :1-9 http://dx.Different letters in a column signify difference at P < 0.05. 1 Birds were reared together of the first 3 wk and then moved into treatment groups at that time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth performance of fast-growing broilers reared under different types of production systems with outdoor access: Implications for organic and alternative production systems

Moyle

Arsi

Woo-Ming

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

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“…Skeletal integrity is rated as poor in all housing systems except furnished cages (Table 1; Newman and Leeson, 1997;Newberry et al, 1999;Tauson, 2002;Appleby et al, 2004;Webster, 2004;Rodenburg et al, 2005). Hens in conventional and furnished cages have overall better foot health than hens in other systems with access to litter or range (Table 1; Tauson et al, 1999Tauson et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Foot Healthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hen welfare in different housing systems

et al. 2011

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Egg production systems have become subject to heightened levels of scrutiny. Multiple factors such as disease, skeletal and foot health, pest and parasite load, behavior, stress, affective states, nutrition, and genetics influence the level of welfare hens experience. Although the need to evaluate the influence of these factors on welfare is recognized, research is still in the early stages. We compared conventional cages, furnished cages, noncage systems, and outdoor systems. Specific attributes of each system are shown to affect welfare, and systems that have similar attributes are affected similarly. For instance, environments in which hens are exposed to litter and soil, such as noncage and outdoor systems, provide a greater opportunity for disease and parasites. The more complex the environment, the more difficult it is to clean, and the larger the group size, the more easily disease and parasites are able to spread. Environments such as conventional cages, which limit movement, can lead to osteoporosis, but environments that have increased complexity, such as noncage systems, expose hens to an increased incidence of bone fractures. More space allows for hens to perform a greater repertoire of behaviors, although some deleterious behaviors such as cannibalism and piling, which results in smothering, can occur in large groups. Less is understood about the stress that each system imposes on the hen, but it appears that each system has its unique challenges. Selective breeding for desired traits such as improved bone strength and decreased feather pecking and cannibalism may help to improve welfare. It appears that no single housing system is ideal from a hen welfare perspective. Although environmental complexity increases behavioral opportunities, it also introduces difficulties in terms of disease and pest control. In addition, environmental complexity can create opportunities for the hens to express behaviors that may be detrimental to their welfare. As a result, any attempt to evaluate the sustainability of a switch to an alternative housing system requires careful consideration of the merits and shortcomings of each housing system.

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“…Ameenuddin et al (1982) stated that Vit D3 is one of the most crucial dietary factors responsible for eggshell quality in birds. However, addition of Vit D3 alleviated the decline in productivity and shell quality for birds fed deficient diets (Newman and Leeson, 1997). Some researchers mentioned that addition of active form of Vit D3, i.e.…”

Section: Results Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Gerzilov et al (2015) reported that Zn had anti-stress and antioxidative properties. Moreover, addition of Vit D3 alleviated the decline in productivity for birds fed deficient diets (Newman and Leeson, 1997). On the other hand, Mattila et al (2004) found that Vit D3 supplements (6,000 IU/kg feed) had no effects on productive traits of laying hens (20 to 67 wk of age) compared with the control diet (2,500 IU/kg feed).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Reducing Crude Protein on Gimmizah Chickens Performance During Late Laying Period 1- Supplemented With Zinc and Vitamin D3

Abou-Shehema¹

2019

EPSJ

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This study was performed to investigate the influence of low crude protein diet (LCP, 13%) and different dietary levels of zinc with or without vitamin D3 on the productive and reproductive performance of Gimmizah chickens during the late laying period. A total number of 280 (245 hens + 35 cocks) Gimmizah chickens aged 52-week were individually weighed and randomly divided into seven treatment groups with five replicates for each during the experimental period (52-64 weeks of age). The birds of the first group were fed the basal diet (15%CP) and served as control. Second one was fed LCP, 13% without any supplementation, whereas the third and fourth groups were fed LCP diet supplemented with zinc (Zn, 50 and 100 mg/kg diet, respectively). The fifth group was fed LCP diet supplemented with vitamin D3 (Vit D3, 2000 IU/kg diet). While, the sixth and seventh groups were fed LCP diet supplemented with Zn (50 mg/kg diet) plus Vit D3 (2000 IU/kg diet), and Zn (100 mg/kg diet) plus Vit D3 (2000 IU/kg diet), respectively. The chickens fed LCP diet had significantly the worst records of egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. While, supplemented LCP diet with Vit D3 or both levels of Zn plus Vit D3 similarly restored the previous mentioned parameters to the level of control group. Specific gravity of eggs, yolk dry matter and yolk index for birds fed LCP diet were significantly decreased compared with control. However, supplemented LCP diet with studied agents significantly improved shell weight, shell thickness, SWUSA and yolk color compared with control. Fertility and hatchability percentages for aged chickens fed LCP diet supplemented with both levels of Zn plus Vit D3 were significantly increased compared with control and LCP diet groups. Birds fed LCP diet supplemented with Vit D3 or both levels of Zn plus Vit D3 had significant improvement for RBCs, Hgb, PCV, WBCs, lymphocyte, phagocytic activity, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, antioxidant status and calcium compared with control and LCP diet groups. Total protein, albumin and globulin for birds fed LCP diet supplemented with 50 mg Zn /kg diet plus Vit D3 did not represent any statistical change compared with control group. In conclusion, supplementing the chickens fed LCP diet (13% CP) during the late stage of laying cycle with Zn (50 mg/kg diet) plus Vit D3 (2000 IU/kg diet) could be a good tool for realizing the best results of productive and reproductive performance besides the best record of economical efficiency.

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Skeletal integrity in layers at the completion of egg production

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Growth performance of fast-growing broilers reared under different types of production systems with outdoor access: Implications for organic and alternative production systems

Growth performance of fast-growing broilers reared under different types of production systems with outdoor access: Implications for organic and alternative production systems

Hen welfare in different housing systems

Influence of Reducing Crude Protein on Gimmizah Chickens Performance During Late Laying Period 1- Supplemented With Zinc and Vitamin D3

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