Skin and Air Pollution: State of the Art and New Frontiers

How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options

“…Morgado-Carrasco et al 27 Skin aging Generation of ROS, changes in immune regulation, chronic inflammation, activation of the AhR, mitochondrial damage, accelerated biological aging/ coarse wrinkles, elastosis, pigmented spots Krutmann et al 3 Cavalieri Manasse et al 28 Ding et al 29 Ward-Caviness et al 30 Zhao et al 31 Hüls et al 32…”

“…The first cancer to be linked with environmental exposure was scrotal carcinoma in chimney sweeps reported by Pott in 1775, which he attributed to contamination with soot. 28 Nowadays, there is strong evidence supporting a causal relationship between AP and skin carcinogenesis; most of the evidence comes from in vivo animal studies or from in vitro studies. 24 Pollution-induced skin carcinogenesis can be regarded as a process of chemical carcinogenesis, and it results from genotoxic and epigenetic/nongenotoxic alterations.…”

“…Nowadays, there is growing epidemiologic evidence that AP significantly contributes to clinical signs of extrinsic skin aging. 4,28 However, most of these studies are exhibiting methodological problems. Very few studies can adjust for the other potential confounding factors.…”

“…For decades, it has been thought that extrinsic skin aging results predominantly from UV exposure, and the terms extrinsic and photoaging have been used synonymously. Nowadays, there is growing epidemiologic evidence that AP significantly contributes to clinical signs of extrinsic skin aging 4,28 . However, most of these studies are exhibiting methodological problems.…”