Skin and soft tissue infection caused by Aeromonas species in cancer patients

Chao, Chien‐Ming; Lai, Chih‐Cheng; Gau, Shiow-Jen; Hsueh, Po-Ren

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2013.02.006

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Aeromonas skin and soft-tissue infections often were polymicrobial infections after exposure to aquatic environments [12], in immunocompromised subjects with liver cirrhosis [33], chronic renal failure, or malignancy [6], [7], [34]. The precise contribution of Aeromonas species or host factors to the severity of skin and soft-tissue infection is difficult to estimate in the real world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are important endemic pathogens in southern Taiwan as well as other areas worldwide [1], [2], and have been implicated in a variety of human infectious diseases, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, respiratory infections, hepatobiliary infections, and urinary tract infections [3]. Most human diseases were reported to be associated with three species A. hydrophila , A. veronii , and A. caviae [4]–[7]. The reported mortality rate among patients with Aeromonas bacteremia varies from 24% to 63% [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence Diversity among Bacteremic Aeromonas Isolates: Ex Vivo, Animal, and Clinical Evidences

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare virulence among different Aeromonas species causing bloodstream infections.Methodology/Principal FindingsNine of four species of Aeromonas blood isolates, including A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila, A. veronii and A. caviae were randomly selected for analysis. The species was identified by the DNA sequence matching of rpoD. Clinically, the patients with A. dhakensis bacteremia had a higher sepsis-related mortality rate than those with other species (37.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.028). Virulence of different Aeromonas species were tested in C. elegans, mouse fibroblast C2C12 cell line and BALB/c mice models. C. elegans fed with A. dhakensis and A. caviae had the lowest and highest survival rates compared with other species, respectively (all P values <0.0001). A. dhakensis isolates also exhibited more cytotoxicity in C2C12 cell line (all P values <0.0001). Fourteen-day survival rate of mice intramuscularly inoculated with A. dhakensis was lower than that of other species (all P values <0.0001). Hemolytic activity and several virulence factor genes were rarely detected in the A. caviae isolates.Conclusions/SignificanceClinical data, ex vivo experiments, and animal studies suggest there is virulence variation among clinically important Aeromonas species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Diversity among Bacteremic Aeromonas Isolates: Ex Vivo, Animal, and Clinical Evidences

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Most cases affect healthy people and are often associated with traumatic events and burns and scolds related to water and soil [4,5,159]. In a retrospective study of 129 cases of skin and soft tissue infections in Taiwan attributed to Aeromonas, 78% of patients had suffered previous trauma, and in 30% of cases there was exposure to water [206]. Additionally, Aeromonas was the most isolated microorganism following natural disasters such as the tsunami in Thailand in 2001 (Aeromonas accounted for 22.6% of all isolates) and Hurricane Katrina in the southeastern United States (2005), mainly associated with wound infection [207,208].…”

Section: Wound Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Genus Aeromonas: Taxonomy, Epidemiology, and Pathogenicity

2020

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The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of Gram-negative bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in humans, fish, and other aquatic animals. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products. The taxonomy of this genus is complex when phenotypic identification methods are used because such methods might not correctly identify all the species. On the other hand, molecular methods have proven very reliable, such as using the sequences of concatenated housekeeping genes like gyrB and rpoD or comparing the genomes with the type strains using a genomic index, such as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) or in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH). So far, 36 species have been described in the genus Aeromonas of which at least 19 are considered emerging pathogens to humans, causing a broad spectrum of infections. Having said that, when classifying 1852 strains that have been reported in various recent clinical cases, 95.4% were identified as only four species: Aeromonas caviae (37.26%), Aeromonas dhakensis (23.49%), Aeromonas veronii (21.54%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (13.07%). Since aeromonads were first associated with human disease, gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated. The literature shows that the pathogenic potential of Aeromonas is considered multifactorial and the presence of several virulence factors allows these bacteria to adhere, invade, and destroy the host cells, overcoming the immune host response. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that the infections these bacteria produce will remain a great health problem in the future. The ubiquitous distribution of these bacteria and the increasing elderly population, to whom these bacteria are an opportunistic pathogen, will facilitate this problem. In addition, using data from outbreak studies, it has been recognized that in cases of diarrhea, the infective dose of Aeromonas is relatively low. These poorly known bacteria should therefore be considered similarly as enteropathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter.

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“…have been associated with three species: Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae (1)(2)(3)(4). Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that A. dhakensis is an important species, which might cause severe soft tissue and bloodstream infections (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%