Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure

Magnano, Greta Camilla; Rui, Francesca; Filon, Francesca Larese

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109481

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Prolonged usage of PPE and increased skin disinfection practices for the prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 spread were reported as risk factors for the development of cutaneous reactions. 4 Washing with soapy water is an excellent and traditionally operated hand decontamination solution, but at the same time, it may damage the integrity of the skin barrier, 23 and therefore favour the occurrence of ICD and ACD much more than alcohol‐based hand sanitizers. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged usage of PPE and increased skin disinfection practices for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spread were reported as risk factors for the development of cutaneous reactions. 4 Washing with soap water is an excellent and traditionally operated hand decontamination solution, but at the same time, it may damage the integrity of the skin barrier, 23 and therefore favour the occurrence of ICD and ACD much more than alcohol-based hand sanitizers. 24 Compared with OSDs cases recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs at ASUGI, our study pointed out a faint and not significant increase in cases during the pandemic in the period from January to May 2021.…”

Section: Mask Adverse Cutaneous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of skin diseases in healthcare workers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Trieste hospitals (northeastern Italy)

et al. 2022

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Background Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) are common in healthcare workers (HCWs). Objectives To investigate and compare the incidence and clinical features of OSDs among HCWs before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Materials and Methods Incident cases of OSDs were investigated in the cohort of HCWs at Trieste Hospitals from 1 July 2018 (3340 workers) to 31 October 2021 (137 532 person‐months). Results The monthly incidence was ranging from 0 to 11.90 cases per 10 000 person‐months in pre‐COVID‐19 period (cumulative incidence 4.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9–6.0) and from 0 to 13.61 cases per 10 000 person‐months in COVID‐19 period (cumulative incidence 5.06; 95% CI: 3.6–6.9). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) between COVID‐19 and pre‐COVID‐19 period was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.73–1.98). The incidence of OSDs in the COVID‐19 period was 6.1 (4.2–8.6) and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.1–5.6) cases × 10 000 person‐months for women and men, respectively, with an IRR of 2.25 (95% CI: 0.98–5.9). Incidence in nurses in the COVID‐19 period was 6.7 (95% CI: 4.2–10.2) cases × 10 000 person‐months. Conclusions Incidence of OSDs was a little bit higher during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to the previous period but fluctuation of numbers were mainly related to calendar period, with higher incidence in winter and spring. Incidence data were higher than that observed in 2004–2013 in the same cohort. Face dermatitis cases doubled after the start of COVID‐19 pandemic. Overall data demonstrated a non‐significant increase of OSDs in HCWs during the pandemic, probably due to the preventive strategies set up in our cohort over the years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mask Adverse Cutaneous Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of skin diseases in healthcare workers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Trieste hospitals (northeastern Italy)

et al. 2022

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“…At the same time, it has the ability to allow substances to be absorbed into the body that can affect physiological processes and cause adverse effects, including toxic effects [ 2 , 3 ]. Lipophilic molecules without electric charge and with a molecular weight below 500 Da can passively penetrate through the skin, and some factors, such as temperature or skin occlusion, can increase and facilitate the penetration of substances used in cosmetics [ 4 ]. Therefore, taking into account the exposure of the skin to makeup cosmetics for many hours, there is a risk of transdermal absorption of some substances, as well as their accumulation in the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Carcinogens in Makeup Cosmetics

Balwierz

Biernat

Jasińska-Balwierz

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Facial makeup cosmetics are commonly used products that are applied to the skin, and their ingredients come into contact with it for many years. Consequently, they should only contain substances that are considered safe or used within an allowable range of established concentrations. According to current European laws, all cosmetics approved for use should be entirely safe for their users, and the responsibility for this lies with manufacturers, distributors, and importers. However, the use of cosmetics can be associated with undesirable effects due to the presence of certain chemical substances. An analysis of 50 random facial makeup cosmetics commercially available on the European Union market and manufactured in six European countries was carried out, concerning the presence of substances with potential carcinogenic properties, as described in recent years in the literature. Nine types of facial makeup cosmetics were selected, and their compositions, as declared on the labels, were analyzed. The carcinogens were identified with information present in the European CosIng database and according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee’s (IRAC) classification. As a result, the following potential carcinogens were identified: parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and ethylparaben), ethoxylated compounds (laureth-4, lautreth-7, or ethylene glycol polymers known as PEG), formaldehyde donors (imidazolidinyl urea, quaternium 15, and DMDM hydantoin), and ethanolamine and their derivatives (triethanolamine and diazolidinyl urea), as well as carbon and silica. In conclusion, all of the analyzed face makeup cosmetics contain potential carcinogenic substances. The literature review confirmed the suppositions regarding the potential carcinogenic effects of selected cosmetic ingredients. Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out studies on the long-term exposure of compounds present in cosmetics and perhaps introduce stricter standards and laws regulating the potential presence of carcinogens and their activity in cosmetics.

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“…The selection of the decontaminating agents is influenced by the type of contaminants, the chemistry of the substrate, and the ability to collect and dispose of the waste generated during the decontamination process. The main drawbacks and restrictions of the current surface decontamination methods include toxicity and corrosivity, affecting the decontaminated substrate and exposing the user to hazardous materials, and a high environmental impact due to the use of excessive amounts of reactants, solvents, or water, generating large amounts of post-decontamination waste that need to be disposed of. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Application of Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Films for Fast and Efficient Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

Toader

Ginghină²,

Diacon

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This paper describes the design of photocrosslinkable interpenetrated network hydrogel peelable films, presenting the remarkable ability to successfully neutralize and safely remove from contaminated surfaces two of the most notorious highly toxic real chemical warfare agents (CWAs)�the blistering agent mustard gas (HD) and the nerve agent soman (GD). The goal of this study was to develop an innovative method for CWA decontamination that allows fast and efficient remediation of CWA-affected sites by entrapping the toxic compounds inside the polymeric matrix of the hydrogel, along with their efficient degradation using a dual route�hydrolytic and photocatalytic. With this aim, eight different formulations were developed for CWA decontamination involving aqueous blends containing the watersoluble components: a polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), monomers (acrylamide, acrylic acid, and/or 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in different molar ratios), a crosslinker (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide), and a photoinitiator [2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiphenone]. Also, in four of these decontamination solutions, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were incorporated to investigate if their photoactive potential can enhance the CWA decontamination process. The outstanding ability of these materials to neutralize CWA, as well as their suitability for decontamination purposes, was demonstrated through a variety of analytical tools (scanning electron microscopy, micro-CT, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and shear, tensile, and compression tests), swelling investigations, and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry surveyed decontamination tests on two real warfare agents (HD and GD) and one chemical warfare simulant (dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant for G series nerve agents). After peeling the hydrogels from the contaminated surfaces, the decontamination efficiency was calculated, and the values obtained varied from 99.35 to 99.98%.

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Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure

Cited by 16 publications

References 113 publications

Incidence of skin diseases in healthcare workers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Trieste hospitals (northeastern Italy)

Incidence of skin diseases in healthcare workers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Trieste hospitals (northeastern Italy)

Potential Carcinogens in Makeup Cosmetics

Design and Application of Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel Films for Fast and Efficient Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

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