Skin‐lightening products revisited

Petit, L.; Pierard, Gérald

doi:10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00182.x

Cited by 102 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It has been observed from various studies, that a local increase in melanin formation or uneven distribution of melanin can cause local hyperpigmentation or spots. Whitening agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid or arbutin are widely used in cosmetic products as active ingredients [5]. Plant-derived extracts that have an excellent inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis may be a good choice for whitening of skin and protection against skin darkening [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Depegmenting and Antierythemic Effects of Cosmetic Emulgels Containing Raspberry Fruit Extract on Human Cheek Skin

Kausar

Akhtar

2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: This research work was performed to discover the efficacy of newly formulated topical formulation (o/w) emulgel of Raspberry fruit extract against its base taken as a control on skin erythema and skin melanin.Methods: Concentrated Raspberry fruit extract was prepared by macerating fresh fruit in aqueous methanol under room temperature. This extract was then entrapped in the inner oily phase of o/w emulgel. Newly formulated, formerly evaluated base (without extract) and a formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Raspberry were applied to cheeks of 13 healthy female human volunteers for a period of 12 w. Skin erythma and melanin were measured after every two weeks to evaluate any effect produced by this topical formulation.Results: Base showed insignificant (p≥0.05) while formulation showed a significant decrease in skin erythma. Skin melanin content was insignificantly decreased by base but significantly decreased by the formulation. The newly developed cosmetic emulgel of Raspberry fruit extract showed its effects without causing any irritation and was found to be suitable and safe dermatological formulation. Conclusion:Formulation was successfully evaluated for its dermatological effects. It was found to be a useful, harmless and cost effective skin whitening treatment derived from natural sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Depegmenting and Antierythemic Effects of Cosmetic Emulgels Containing Raspberry Fruit Extract on Human Cheek Skin

Kausar

Akhtar

2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…Oxyhaemoglobin (bright red), reduced haemoglobin (luish red and bilirubin (yellow) are found in the small blood vessels of the dermis. Eumelanin (deep brown), phaemelanin (yellow to reddish brown) and sometimes carotenoids (yellow) are the main pigments of the epidermis (Petit and Pierard 2003). Melanin is the major pigment for color of human skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of isolated compound from Sonneratia caseolaris leaf: a validation of traditional utilization by melanin biosynthesis and antioxidant assays

Arung¹,

Kuspradini²,

Kusuma³

et al. 2015

J App Pharm Sci

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In continuing to search new materials for skin whitening agent from natural resources, we have focused on plants used by Dayak tribe (native people in East Kalimantan, Indonesia) for skin care treatment. The ethanol extract of the leaves of Sonneratia caseolaris showed anti-melanogenesis activity in melanin biosynthesis assays using B16 melanoma cells. By activity-guided fractionation, luteolin-7-O--glucoside (compound 1) was isolated as an active compound. In melanin formation inhibition assay, luteolin-7-O--glucoside showed the inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner and reach 44% of inhibition at 223.2 μM with 92% of cells viability. The compound also showed potent anti-oxidative stress ability with a significant intracellular H2O2-scavenging activity in HaCaT cells. These results showed a validation of traditional use for skin care treatment by Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan.Key words: Sonneratia caseolaris, melanin biosynthesis, H2O2-scavenging, B16 melanoma cells, luteolin-7-O--glucoside. INTRODUCTIONSkin color results from the presence and ratio of several chromophores in the skin. Oxyhaemoglobin (bright red), reduced haemoglobin (luish red and bilirubin (yellow) are found in the small blood vessels of the dermis. Eumelanin (deep brown), phaemelanin (yellow to reddish brown) and sometimes carotenoids (yellow) are the main pigments of the epidermis (Petit and Pierard 2003). Melanin is the major pigment for color of human skin. It is secreted by melanocyte cells in the basal layer of the epidermis (Hearing 2005). Melanin pigments are formed in specialized pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, which originate in the neural crest during embryogenesis and are distributed throughout the embryo during its development (Sánchez-Ferrer et al., 1995).Corresponding Authors *Enos Tangke Arung, Lab. Forest Product Chemistry, Forestry Faculty, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia. Email: tangkearung@yahoo.com **Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Address: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Melanin biosynthesis occurs in a cascade of enzymatic and spontaneous reactions that convert tyrosine to melanin pigments. The initial and rate-limiting step in melanin synthesis is the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dihydroxy-phenylalanine or DOPA (Yoon et al., 2007). DOPA-oxidation produces a highly reactive intermediate that is further oxidized to form melanin by a free radical-coupling pathway. If free radicals are inappropriately processed in melanin synthesis, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is generated, leading to the production of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and other reactive oxygen species (Perluigi et al., 2003). In Indonesia, where herbal medicine has been popular, more than 1300 species are known as medicinal plants, called Jamu (Roosita et al., 2008). Jamu has four several functions of medicine such as health care, beauty care (cosmetics), tonics, and bodily protection (Soedarsono and Harini, 2002). Traditional herbal medicines give an interesting, huge unexplored source for development of potential new drugs and cosmetics.T...

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“…9 There are several mechanisms related to skin lightening: inhibition of tyrosinase activity, suppression of melanogenesis and inhibition of tyrosinase formation. 10,11 As skin whitening agents, tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants are recognized as lightening agents. 12 For instance, UV irradiation which produces oxidative stress by increasing superoxide anion (O 2 -) and activating tyrosinase enzyme result inmelanogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner

Sungthong¹,

Phadungkit²

2015

Phcog J

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Introduction: Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. Methods: The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. Results: With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38±4.77, 46.92±3.77 and 42.85±6.54%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC 50 values on 33.47±1.24 and 33.57±1.92 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.

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Skin‐lightening products revisited

Cited by 102 publications

References 105 publications

Evaluation of Depegmenting and Antierythemic Effects of Cosmetic Emulgels Containing Raspberry Fruit Extract on Human Cheek Skin

Evaluation of Depegmenting and Antierythemic Effects of Cosmetic Emulgels Containing Raspberry Fruit Extract on Human Cheek Skin

Effects of isolated compound from Sonneratia caseolaris leaf: a validation of traditional utilization by melanin biosynthesis and antioxidant assays

Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner

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