SLA-Printed 3-D Waveguide Paths for E-Band Using Electroless Silver Plating

Lomakin, K.; Gold, G.; Herold, S.; Ringel, L.; Ringel, Johannes; Simon, Daniel; Sippel, M.; Sion, A.; Vossiek, Martin; Helmreich, K.

doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2019.2927671

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The facility and flexibility of electroless plating is especially useful when working on laboratory and prototyping scales, and in conjunction with 3D printing. [17,38,50,51] Due to the reliance on chemical reducers and the more involved bath management, electroless plating reactions are more expensive than comparable electrodepositions.…”

Section: Plating Bath Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With standard reduction potentials between À 0.25 V and À 0.44 V, [62] Fe, [63] Co, [64,65] and especially Ni [14,18,27,66,67] can be named as the least noble but still regularly plated metals. Protocols are also available for Pd, [37,68] Pt [13,69] and the coinage metals Cu, [70,71] Ag [35,[51][52][53][54][55][56] and Au. [12,19,48,72] For the most part, easily accessible and affordable standard salts such as sulfates, nitrates or chlorides are deployed as metal precursors (e. g., NiSO 4 , CuSO 4 , AgNO 3 , PdCl 2 ).…”

Section: Metal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroless Plating of Metal Nanomaterials

Muench

2021

ChemElectroChem

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Electroless plating is commonly associated with metallizing macroscopic work pieces, but also represents a surprisingly powerful nanomanufacturing tool. This review details the technique's use for creating nanomaterials of arbitrary dimensionality, ranging from nanoparticles over nanotubes, nanowires, and ultrathin films to nanostructured lattices, focusing on the solution chemistry and mechanistic aspects. The synthesis of defined nanostructures serves as overarching perspective, which is enriched by drawing connections to and insights from related fields. Strategies for controlling the size, shape, crystallinity, porosity, composition, and arrangement of electrolessly plated nanostructures are outlined, including templating (which harnesses the method's exceptional conformality to guide and limit deposit formation), the complementary approach of selective growth, tailored seeding, and bath design. Being able to strike convincing compromises between material quality and ease of preparation, electroless nanoplating has a distinct potential to facilitate the application of metal nanomaterials.

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Section: Plating Bath Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroless Plating of Metal Nanomaterials

Muench

2021

ChemElectroChem

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“…The slots are oriented parallel to the direction of the current density and thus do not affect the spatial field distribution. The slot dimensions were already optimized in previous works of the authors [14]. In order to provide a mounting to a vector network analyzer (VNA) with E-Band converters, the waveguides (Figure 1a-c) can be inserted in a fixture (Figure 1d) which provides additional flanges.…”

Section: Design For Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before, contaminations were removed by a polar agent (e.g., dichloromethan). Since used ceramic material is acid-resistant, conventional metallization approaches, such as electroless silver plating [14,15], etc., are difficult in application. Therefore a novel, patent pending approach, as described in [40], was used.…”

Section: Metallization Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter drawbacks could be successfully addressed and overcome by novel additive manufacturing (AM) methods including polymer-based 3D printing, such as digital light processing (DLP) [11] or stereolithography (SLA) [12], and a subsequent metallization process. By making use of the slotted waveguide approach, where non-radiating slots are introduced into the narrow walls of the waveguide, printing and metallization qualities can be enhanced, enabling the fabrication of even relatively complex structures for millimeterwave (mmWave) frequency range, such as waveguides, or waveguide paths for E- [13,14] and D-band [15], hybrid couplers for both bands [16][17][18], W-band SWAs [19], helix antennae for 77 GHz [20] that can be used in imaging applications [21], wavemode transitions [22,23] and even entire six-ports from one monolithic model [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

et al. 2021

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Ceramic materials are chemical- and temperature-resistant and, therefore, enable novel application fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. With this in mind, this contribution focuses on developing an additive manufacturing approach for 3D-printed waveguides made of ceramic materials. In particular, a special design approach for ceramic waveguides, which introduces non-radiating slots into the waveguides sidewalls, and a customized metallization process, are presented. The developed process allows for using conventional stereolithographic desktop-grade 3D-printers. The proposed approach has, therefore, benefits such as low-cost fabrication, moderate handling effort and independence of the concrete waveguide geometry. The performance of a manufactured ceramic WR12 waveguide is compared to a commercial waveguide and a conventionally printed counterpart. For that reason, relevant properties, such as surface roughness and waveguide geometry, are characterized. Parsing the electrical measurements, the ceramic waveguide specimen features an attenuation coefficient of 30–60 dB/m within the E-Band. The measured attenuation coefficient is 200% and 300% higher compared to the epoxy resin and the commercial waveguide and is attributed to the increased surface roughness of the ceramic substrate.

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3D‐Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications

Zhu,

Guo,

Ravichandran

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Abstract3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, holds immense potential for rapid prototyping and customized production of functional health‐related devices. With advancements in polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering, polymeric biomaterials have become integral to 3D‐printed biomedical applications. However, there still exists a bottleneck in the compatibility of polymeric biomaterials with different 3D printing methods, as well as intrinsic challenges such as limited printing resolution and rates. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the current state‐of‐the‐art in 3D‐printed functional polymeric health‐related devices. It begins with an overview of the landscape of 3D printing techniques, followed by an examination of commonly used polymeric biomaterials. Subsequently, examples of 3D‐printed biomedical devices are provided and classified into categories such as biosensors, bioactuators, soft robotics, energy storage systems, self‐powered devices, and data science in bioplotting. The emphasis is on exploring the current capabilities of 3D printing in manufacturing polymeric biomaterials into desired geometries that facilitate device functionality and studying the reasons for material choice. Finally, an outlook with challenges and possible improvements in the near future is presented, projecting the contribution of general 3D printing and polymeric biomaterials in the field of healthcare.

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SLA-Printed 3-D Waveguide Paths for E-Band Using Electroless Silver Plating

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Electroless Plating of Metal Nanomaterials

Electroless Plating of Metal Nanomaterials

Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

3D‐Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications

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