2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.005
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Sleep, clocks, and synaptic plasticity

Abstract: Sleep is widely believed to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity. However, the precise mechanisms governing this presumptive function are largely unknown. There is also evidence for independent circadian oscillations in synaptic strength and morphology. Therefore, synaptic changes observed after sleep reflect interactions between state-dependent (e.g. wake vs. sleep) and state-independent (circadian) processes. In this article we review how sleep and biological clocks influence synaptic plasticity. We… Show more

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Cited by 107 publications
(109 citation statements)
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“…Theories for sleep function include roles in brain energetics [1], brain recovery [2], somatic functions and thermoregulation [3], biosynthesis [4], neural plasticity [5,6], and allocation of energetic resources [7]. A key challenge for sleep researchers is to determine whether identified sleep functions are particular to the organism of study, or if they represent core functions that led to the evolutionary maintenance of sleep states.…”
Section: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Properties Of Sleepmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Theories for sleep function include roles in brain energetics [1], brain recovery [2], somatic functions and thermoregulation [3], biosynthesis [4], neural plasticity [5,6], and allocation of energetic resources [7]. A key challenge for sleep researchers is to determine whether identified sleep functions are particular to the organism of study, or if they represent core functions that led to the evolutionary maintenance of sleep states.…”
Section: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Properties Of Sleepmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cortical activity patterns, sensory drive, modulatory tone, and induction of plasticity all differ between sleep and wake (Frank and Cantera, 2014; Steriade and Timofeev, 2003; Jones, 2005). We showed previously that FR homeostasis restores ensemble average firing when measured during sleep or wake (Hengen et al, 2013), indicating that once homeostatic adjustments have occurred, they serve to stabilize the same network across these distinct internal states.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, another influential theory about the function of sleep, the sleep replay hypothesis (Abel et al, 2013), is agnostic about when FR homeostasis should occur. Although a number of experiments have been undertaken to test SHY (Frank and Cantera, 2014; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), the key prediction of this hypothesis – that FR homeostasis triggered by a perturbation to the circuit should occur only during sleep – has never been tested.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both SHY and the synaptic embossing theory have empirical bases, but the experimental designs of the conflicting studies are not congruent, and therefore a consensus is yet to be established (Diekelmann & Born, 2010;Frank & Cantera, 2014;Tononi & Cirelli, 2014). To properly compare these theories it is necessary to investigate plasticity factors in animals with and without preexposure to novel stimulation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%