Sleepiness on the flight deck: Reported rates of occurrence and predicted fatigue risk exposure associated with UK airline pilot work schedules

Coombes, Claire; Whale, Andy; Hunter, Rob; Christie, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104833

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[35][36][37] Despite cutting-edge technology, fatiguerelated performance decrements were identified as a threat to modern flight safety. 27,28,[38][39][40] In the 1980s, professional pilots flew an average of 46 hours/month, 40 while present flight time limitations 41 allow up to 100 flight hours and 1,000 flight hours per year (Table 2). A high level of fatigue was causal in or contributed to several plane crashes and accidents, including China Airlines 006, 42 Korean Air 801 43 American Airlines 1420, 44 and the TransAsia crashes.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatigue has already been identified in the literature as a considerable threat to aviation and flight safety. 27,28,38,39 Impaired mental health or stressful life events have played a substantial role in 17 commercial aviation accidents and incidents in past decade, in which 576 persons were killed. means a period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free of all duties, including post-flight duty" (EASA FTL, 2014, p. 21).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46 If accumulated sleep debt 47 cannot be recovered before commencing flight duties, fatigue can impair the sensory, cognitive, physical, and behavioral functions of flight crews. 35,36,39,48,49 "Neurobehavioral performance effects of sleepiness reported by pilots include increasing pressure to fall asleep, degraded alertness, errors of omission and commission, deterioration in judgement and decision making, worsened mood, and deteriorating flying skills" 39,49 also reported fatigue-related performance decrements regarding divided attention, short-term memory, decision making, concentration, and deteriorated psychomotor and visual performance. While it is difficult to measure these multimodal performance decrements during active flight duties, micro-sleeps in the cockpit are valid manifestations of very high sleepiness and fatigue on the flight deck.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How airline business models impact working conditions of flight crew members

Wild¹

2022

AAOAJ

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This literature research investigates the working conditions, fatigue, mental health, and working conditions of pilots of network carriers (NWCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs). According to the McKinsey 7S model, different management strategies entail different HRM practices and working conditions. This research paper provides a holistic overview of previous research by investigating the working conditions, actual rosters, stress levels, sleep problems, fatigue, ad mental health of LCC and NWC flight crew members. Basically, LCC pilots have lower income, younger age, less flight experience, more demanding rosters, more sleep difficulties, and experience more fatigue. Moreover, it seems that LCC working conditions are more related with anxiety due to insecure and atypical contractual conditions. Consequently, the research paper confirms that different management strategies result in different working conditions (e.g., atypical contracts, higher work-related stress, more job insecurity, different levels of fatigue, sleep problems, and potential impairment of mental health), consistently to the detriment of LCC pilots. Lastly, LCC pilots reported more safety issues and more fatigue-related incidents compared with NWC pilots.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How airline business models impact working conditions of flight crew members

Wild¹

2022

AAOAJ

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“…Nights with overlapping short sleep periods negatively affect the depth of sleep. This situation reduces people's energy levels as they start their day and strengthens the effects of fatigue accumulated throughout (Coombes et al, 2020). Even a one-day insomnia situation causes a decrease in cases of occurrence.…”

Section: Sleep State and Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

A critical approach to fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew for the flight safety in aviation industry

Özel¹,

Hacıoğlu²

2021

BRSS

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This paper aims to develop a critical approach to flight safety by assessing theoretical and empirical studies on fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew. This paper also builds a fundamental basis for managing fatigue risk factors in the aviation industry. The main contribution of the paper demonstrates the fact that primary and secondary fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew affect the level of job satisfaction, operational efficiency, and flight security.

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“…Additionally, mental fatigue is closely linked to alertness and deterioration of operational performance among pilots (Mckinley et al, 2011; Reis et al, 2013). Although in‐flight mental fatigue has been taken seriously and several management strategies have been adopted (Caldwell et al, 2009; Dai et al, 2020; Hursh et al, 2004), it is still frequently reported by modern pilots, according to recent studies (Arsintescu et al, 2020; Coombes et al, 2020; Kelly & Efthymiou, 2019). Therefore, the mental fatigue of pilots needs to be accurately detected to ensure aviation safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mental fatigue state using heart rate variability and eye metrics during simulated flight

Qin

Liu

et al. 2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Pilot mental fatigue is a growing concern in the aviation field due to its significant contributions to human errors and aviation accidents. Long work hours, sleep loss, circadian rhythm disruption, and workload are well‐known reasons, but there is a need to accurately detect pilot mental fatigue to improve aviation safety. However, due to the highly restricted cockpit environment and the complex nature of mental fatigue, feasible in‐flight detection remains under‐investigated. The objective of this study is to define a promising approach for mental fatigue detection based on psychophysiological measurements in flying‐relevant environments. Eleven participants engaged in a simulated flight experiment, where several conventional heart rate variability (HRV) and ocular indices were examined to study their relevance to mental fatigue. Additionally, a Toeplitz Inverse Covariance‐Based Clustering (TICC) method was performed to determine the ground truth, after which supervised machine learning was adopted to enable automated mental fatigue detection using HRV and eye metrics. Results showed that HRV and eye metrics were sensitive to the mental fatigue induced by prolonged flight‐relevant tasks. The TICC method helped determine the ground truth for mental fatigue and identify its three distinct levels. Furthermore, a supervised learning‐based detection of mental fatigue was achieved using a support vector machine with the greatest detection accuracy of 91.8%. The findings and methodology of this study provide new insights into the fatigue countermeasures in restricted cockpit environment and lay the groundwork for further explorations into the mental fatigue induced by prolonged flight missions.

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Sleepiness on the flight deck: Reported rates of occurrence and predicted fatigue risk exposure associated with UK airline pilot work schedules

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

How airline business models impact working conditions of flight crew members

How airline business models impact working conditions of flight crew members

A critical approach to fatigue risk factors in cockpit and cabin crew for the flight safety in aviation industry

Detection of mental fatigue state using heart rate variability and eye metrics during simulated flight

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