Slope Stability Charts for Two-Layered Purely Cohesive Soils Based on Finite-Element Limit Analysis Methods

Three-dimensional slope stability assessment of two-layered undrained clay

“…It is worthwhile to note that when b = 75° (Fig. 6(c)), the results from 2D LEM [59] are observed to be lower than the results from 3D lower bound method for L/H = 10 (d/H < 4). This finding implies that 2D LEM could overestimate the predicted safety factor which can give an inaccurate indication of slope safety.…”

“…Fig. 6 shows the results obtained from the 2D finite element limit analysis by Qian et al [59] plotted against different L/H from 3D analyses. These figures clearly show the effects of 3D boundary on slope stability.…”

“…These techniques were applied in slope stability analyses by Yu et al [55], Kim et al [56], Loukidis et al [57], Li et al [16,17], Lim et al [58] and Qian et al [59]. Kim et al [56] and Loukidis et al [57], respectively investigated the effect of seismic loading and pore pressure on slope stability.…”

“…3D slope stability assessments for frictional fill materials placed on undrained clay were investigated by Lim et al [58]. Additionally, Qian et al [59] used the finite element limit theorem and investigated slopes with two-layered undrained clay. However, only 2D solutions were provided.…”

“…This stability number has been modified based on the stability number proposed by Taylor [22]. Similarly, this form of stability number has also been applied in the study of Qian et al [59].…”