Slowly rotating Q-balls

Almumin, Yahya; Heeck, Julian; Rajaraman, Arvind; Verhaaren, Christopher B.

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12712-x

Eur. Phys. J. C

2024

DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12712-x

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Slowly rotating Q-balls

Yahya Almumin,

Julian Heeck,

Arvind Rajaraman

et al.

Abstract: Q-balls are non-topological solitons arising in scalar field theories. Solutions for rotating Q-balls (and the related boson stars) have been shown to exist when the angular momentum is equal to an integer multiple of the Q-ball charge Q. Here we consider the possibility of classically long-lived metastable rotating Q-balls with small angular momentum, even for large charge, for all scalar theories that support non-rotating Q-balls. This is relevant for rotating extensions of Q-balls and related solitons such … Show more

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Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling. Part I. Lattice simulations

Shafi,

Copeland,

Mahbub

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We investigate the formation and decay of oscillons during the post-inflationary reheating epoch from inflaton oscillations around asymptotically flat potentials V(φ) in the presence of an external coupling of the form 1/2 g 2 φ 2 χ 2. It is well-known that in the absence of such an external coupling, the attractive self-interaction term in the potential leads to the formation of copious amounts of long-lived oscillons both for symmetric and asymmetric plateau potentials. We perform a detailed numerical analysis to study the formation of oscillons in the α-attractor E- and T-model potentials using the publicly available lattice simulation code CosmoLattice. We observe the formation of nonlinear oscillon-like structures with the average equation of state ⟨wφ ⟩ ≃ 0 for a range of values of the inflaton self-coupling λ and the external coupling g 2. Our results demonstrate that oscillons form even in the presence of an external coupling and we determine the upper bound on g 2 which facilitates oscillon formation. We also find that eventually, these oscillons decay into the scalar inflaton radiation as well as into the quanta of the offspring field χ. Thus, we establish the possibility that reheating could have proceeded through the channel of oscillon decay, along with the usual decay of the oscillating inflaton condensate into χ particles. For a given value of the self-coupling λ, we notice that the lifetime of a population of oscillons decreases with an increase in the strength of the external coupling, following an (approximately) inverse power-law dependence on g 2.

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Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling. Part I. Lattice simulations

Shafi,

Copeland,

Mahbub

et al. 2024

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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show abstract

Spinning Q -ball superradiance in 3+1D

Zhang,

Chang,

Saffin

et al. 2024

Phys. Rev. D

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Recently, it was found that a Q-ball can amplify waves incident upon it, due to rotation in the internal space and the interaction of the two modes in the complex scalar field. While the spherically symmetric 3D case has been investigated previously, here we explore the 3D axisymmetric case, which is numerically much more challenging. The difficulty comes because a partial wave expansion is needed, and the different partial waves can not be separated, for either the background spinning Q-ball solution or the perturbative scattering on top of it. A relaxation method and a high dimensional shooting method are applied to compute the Q-ball solutions and the amplification factors respectively. We also classify the behavior of the amplification factors and we discuss their bounds and the superradiance criteria. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Dynamics of U(1) gauged Q -balls in three spatial dimensions

Kinach,

Choptuik

2024

Phys. Rev. D

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We investigate the dynamics of U(1) gauged Q-balls using fully three-dimensional numerical simulations. We consider two different scenarios: first, the classical stability of gauged Q-balls with respect to generic three-dimensional perturbations, and second, the behavior of gauged Q-balls during head-on and off-axis collisions at relativistic velocities. With regard to stability, we find that there exist gauged Q-ball configurations which are classically stable in both logarithmic and polynomial scalar field models. With regard to relativistic collisions, we find that the dynamics can depend on many different parameters such as the collision velocity, relative phase, relative charge, and impact parameter of the colliding Q-balls. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Slowly rotating Q-balls

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling. Part I. Lattice simulations

Formation and decay of oscillons after inflation in the presence of an external coupling. Part I. Lattice simulations

Spinning Q -ball superradiance in 3+1D

Dynamics of U(1) gauged Q -balls in three spatial dimensions

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