Slurry analysis after lead collection on a sorbent and its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Determination of As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in biological samples by modern electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Use of low concentrations of HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 or other reagents that enhance the decomposition of carbonaceous residues inside the atomizer which can reduce detection power [93]. Under optimum conditions, results are frequently comparable to those obtained with acid digestion methods and total analyte recovery is achieved [28,29,70,[77][78][79][80][81][82]84,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97]. Despite optimization, incomplete liberation of the analyte from the sample matrix is not always achieved, leading to unsatisfactory results [35,85,86].…”

“…Temperatures most widely employed for atomization of Cd are 1100-2050°C, i.e., 1100 [80], 1200°C [46,86,96], 1300°C [83,89,92], 1400°C [41], 1500°C [7,93,94], 1600°C [27,67,70], 1650°C [10,53,54], 1700°C [31,50,81,97], 1800°C [34,36,43], 1900°C [1,17,44,72] and 2100°C [99]. For Pb, they are 1500-2200°C, i.e., 1500°C [80,94], 1600°C [27,70,83,92], 1650°C [106] 1700°C [81,89,97,107], 1800°C [4,7,10,36,41,53,54,67,95,96,…”

“…[5,7,16,21,27,28,33,34,36,40,41,43,50,56,58,61,[68][69][70]73,74,77,[79][80][81]83,85,87,88,90,[92][93][94][95][97][98][99]102,114,115,121,125,127,128,131,134,135,144,148,149,152,154,1...…”

Simple Method for Determination of Lead in Hair Dyes Using Slurry Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…In current regulations of United States, most color additives approved for cosmetic use could to contain up to 20 mg Pb=g (Code of Federal Regulations 2008) and it is expected that the lead concentration in cosmetics is much lower. Lead is one of the most common contaminants in the environment and is considered to be a toxic element in humans and animals that does not have any physiological functions in organisms (Baysal et al 2008). The toxicity of Pb at high levels of exposure is well known, but continual exposure to relatively low levels of lead may entail adverse health effects.…”

Ultra-Trace Determination of Lead(II) in Water Using Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Preconcentration by Solid-Phase Extraction to a Small Piece of Cellulose Acetate Type Membrane Filter

“…A suspension of fine particles holding the analyte was also introduced directly into a graphite tube for determining the desired element; high enrichment factors were observed in the slurry injection techniques. [32][33][34][35][36] Although the coupling of flow-injection on-line column preconcentration/separation techniques to ETAAS is effective for the simplifying the operation, 21 the treatment of large volumes of aqueous samples is often time-consuming. These methods are unsuitable for processing many samples in a short time.…”