Small amphipathic peptides are responsible for the assembly of cruciferin nanoparticles

Abstract

Amphipathic peptides are versatile building blocks for fabricating well-ordered nanostructures, which have gained much attention owing to their enormous design possibilities and bio-functionalities. However, using amphipathic peptides from natural proteins to create tunable nanostructures is challenging because of their heterogeneity and great tendency to form aggregates. Here we fabricated two well-defined nanoparticles from cruciferin amphipathic peptides by integrating top-down and bottom-up approach. Alkali hydrolysis (pH 12, 120 °C for 30 min) was introduced to break down intact cruciferin into peptides (top–down). The cruciferin peptides and their fractions were then assembled into nanoparticles (bottom–up) in the presence of calcium ions. The permeate fraction from 10 kDa cut-off membrane formed smaller nanoparticles (F1-NPs) (around 82 nm) than that of unfractionated cruciferin peptides (CRU-NPs, around 185 nm); the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces for particle formation. LC-MS/MS analysis characterised that the small amphipathic peptides (Xn1Zn2Xn3Zn4, n1–4 = 0~5), composed of alternating hydrophobic (X) and hydrophilic (Z) amino acid with a length of 5–15 and 5–20 residues for F1-NPs and CRU-NPs, respectively, were responsible for particle formation. Our study established the mechanism of particle formation of the cold gelation is through assembly of amphipathic peptides.

Polystyrene nanoparticles induce stronger cellular and more durable humoral immune responses against an inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 isolate

“…2C &D) (Barber et al 2017). The gB, gC, and gD proteins had been validated as subunit vaccine candidates and conferred significant protection from BoHV-1 challenge when formulated with an effective adjuvant(* 1997; Blanc et al 2012;J. CHARLES WHITBECK 1988;Keil et al 2005;Keil et al 2010;Levings et al 2015; M.J. Kaashoek'" and Oirschot*$ 1998).…”

“…Therefore, selecting biodegradable nanoparticles to replace the PS nanoparticles will be our ultimate aim. Biodegradable nanomaterials [e.g., dextran, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), chitosan, polyethylene glycol, pullulan, and peptides] have been applied in drug delivery and cancer therapy because of their safety and degradation characteristics in vivo (Brewer et al 2017;Gheibi Hayat and Darroudi 2019;Ho et al 2018;Hong et al 2017;Jiang et al 2013;Liang et al 2019;Mona Gupta 2004;Xiaobo Fan1 et al 2016). Thus, these materials may be candidates for future research.…”

Sodium Chloride Suppresses the Bitterness of Protein Hydrolysates by Decreasing Hydrophobic Interactions

“…Turbidity is caused by the protein aggregation and is an index of the solubility of protein hydrolysates (Xiong, ). The average particle size and zeta potential in a 2 mg/mL solution of EWH and HPH were measured using a Malvern Nanosizer ZS instrument (Malvern Inc., Malvern, UK) at 25 °C as previously reported (Hong, Akbari, & Wu, ). Disposable folded capillary cells (DTS 1070) were filled slowly to avoid air bubbles.…”

Canola Protein: A Promising Protein Source for Delivery, Adhesive, and Material Applications

“…The results suggested that cruciferin can be used for preparing particles and delivering bioactives using the cold gelation method (Akbari & Wu, ). In a complementary study, Hong et al () found that amphipathic peptides with 5–22 amino acid residues were responsible for the particle formation. These amphipathic peptides primarily adopted the β‐sheet and turn conformations.…”

“…These limitations have prompted other novel uses of CP for preparing plastics (Manamperi, Chang, Ulven, & Pryor, ), adhesives (Bandara, Esparza, & Wu, ; Li, Qi, Sun, et al, ; Li, Qi, Sun, & Wang, ; Wang et al, ), self‐assembled nanoparticles (Hong, Akbari, & Wu, ), and in targeted delivery applications (Akbari & Wu, ; Akbari & Wu, ). Emerging interest on such nonfood applications in potential value‐added utilization is essential to improve the sustainability and profitability of the canola industry.…”