Small dense LDL (sd-LDL), one of the parameters for preventing atherosclerosis risk factors in modified alternate-day fasting (MADF) perpetrator

Abstract

One of the causes of the increase in the prevalence of non- communicable diseases (NCD) is an unbalanced diet so that controlling NCD is emphasized on prevention, one of which is by fasting. Small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is an atherogenic lipoprotein that is easily oxidized and facilitates atherosclerosis. The Dawood’s fast is one of the sunnah fasts that can be done at any time except at times which are prohibited. This fast is a combination model of TRF and ADF (modified alternate-day fasting = MADF) to compare the sd-LDL levels of individuals who did the Dawood’s fast for six consecutive weeks with the control, to analyze the role of the sd-LDL level which influences the risk factor control mechanism for atherosclerosis in individuals who perform the Dawood’s fast and the effect of Dawood's fast (MADF) on the sd-LDL levels. which is an atherogenic lipoprotein as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a comparative pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design with a population of students at the Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. The purposive sampling method was used until the required sample size was met. Subjects who entered the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, namely control and MADF treatment for six consecutive weeks. The pre-test sampling was conducted before starting MADF (the Dawood’s fast). During the fasting intervention, all subjects in both the control and treatment groups received the same nutrition twice a day for 42 days. At the end of the third week, the middle sampling was carried out, then at the beginning of the seventh week, the subjects did the post-test sampling. Subjects received spiritual motivation from competent resource persons to provide spiritual inspiration, before and during MADF (Dawood's fast) to maintain true and sincere intentions in following this research until completion. Sampling was conducted at the Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School Surabaya and the sample analysis was carried out at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. The results of the sample analysis were tabulated and the statistics were processed by a statistician. The Dawood's fasting (MADF) for six consecutive weeks did not cause a significant difference compared to controls on the variable sd-LDL levels in the peripheral blood circulation (p> 0.05). However, Dawood's fasting (MADF) for six consecutive weeks inhibited the rate of increasing levels of sd-LDL which is an atherogenic lipoprotein as a risk of atherosclerosis. From these results, it can be concluded that Dawood's fasting (MADF) for six consecutive weeks inhibits the rate of increasing sd-LDL levels as a risk factor for atherosclerosis but because atherosclerosis is a process that involves many pathways and variables, it turns out that the accumulation effect that increases sd-LDL levels is stronger than the effect of Dawood’s fasting.