Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein for Risk Prediction of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Singh, Abhishek; Puhan, Rajendra; Pradhan, Akshyaya; Ali, Wahid; Sethi, Rishi

doi:10.14740/cr1254

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…AIP is directly proportional to the increased number of sdLDL particles and inversely proportional to LDL-C particle size [29,30]. In a previous study, the relationship between sdLDL and CAD has been demonstrated, and it has been shown that sdLDL plays a role in the atherosclerotic process [31]. Accordingly, increased AIP values in patients with obstructive CAE may be an indirect indicator of sdLDL values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A New Predictor of Obstructive Coronary Artery Ectasia in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma

Küçük¹,

Arslan²

2022

Iberoam J Med

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Introduction: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders with a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic cases to myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CAE. Recently, it has been determined that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a strong predictive marker for atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between obstructive CAE and AIP in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, hospital electronic patient records were retrospectively examined. A total of 213 NSTE-ACS patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to non-obstructive and obstructive CAE. The AIP value was compared between groups and regression analysis evaluated whether it is an indicator to predict the risk of obstructive CAE. Results: The AIP value was found to be numerically and statistically significant in the obstructive CAE group compared to the non-obstructive CAE group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified AIP as a predictor of obstructive CAE in NSTE-ACS patients in the receiver operating curve analysis, AIP values above 0.33 had 90% sensitivity and 68% specificity to predict obstructive CAE in NSTE-ACS patients. Conclusions: AIP values were increased in the presence of obstructive CAE in NSTE-ACS patients. Our findings suggest that AIP may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive CAE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A New Predictor of Obstructive Coronary Artery Ectasia in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma

Küçük¹,

Arslan²

2022

Iberoam J Med

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Lipid Profile and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Relationships to Demographic, Clinical, Angiographic, and Therapeutic Variables

Pradhan

Kuka

Vishwakarma

et al. 2022

JCM

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Background: Several lines of evidence have supported small dense low-density lipoproteins (sd-LDL) as a marker of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed the relationship between lipid profile and sd-LDL levels with demographic, clinical, angiographic, and therapeutic variables in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from September 2014 to September 2015. Patients with a diagnosis of ACS were included in this study. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined by direct homogenous assay and sd-LDL levels were calculated using an earlier described equation by Srisawadi et al. Results: A total of 200 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were studied. Males constituted 78% of the population cohort and almost 45% of participants were aged <45 years. Patients aged ≤45 years displayed higher mean sd-LDL levels of 30.40 ± 14.18 mg/dL versus patients aged >45 years with mean sd-LDL levels of 28.01 ± 11.58 mg/dL, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Females also displayed higher mean sd-LDL levels, but the difference also failed to achieve statistical significance (30.95 ± 13.44 mg/dL and 28.54 ± 12.64, respectively; p = 0.185). Diabetics had higher mean sd-LDL levels (33.64 ± 13.01 mg/dL and 28.07 ± 12.60 mg/dL; p = 0.273) whilst smokers had lower mean levels (27.21 ± 12.12 mg/dL and 30.51 ± 13.21 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.071). However, the ratio of sd-LDL/lb-LDL (large buoyant LDL) was significantly higher in diabetics (0.48 vs. 0.39; p = 0.023). In the angiography cohort (n = 88), single-vessel disease was the most predominant overall while among patients aged >45 years, triple-vessel disease was significantly higher (p = 0.005). Similarly, the sd-LDL levels were 33.12 ± 11.13 mg/dL, 27.68 ± 9.80 mg/dL, and 31.65 ± 15.26 mg/dL among patients with single, double, and triple-vessel disease and did not differ significantly (p = 0.262). Prior statin users had significantly lower mean sd-LDL levels of 24.79 ± 12.23 mg/dL compared to statin-naïve patients with a mean sd-LDL of 30.01 ± 12.79 mg/dL (p = 0.027). Non-HDL levels were also significantly lower in prior statin users (112.83 mg/dL vs. 128.9 mg/dL; p = 0.017). Conclusion: In this cohort of ACS patients, age, sex, diabetes, smoking, and the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease had no significant impact on sd-LDL levels, while prior statin usage led to significantly lower sd-LDL levels. Diabetic patients, however, did have significantly higher sd-LDL/lb-LDL ratios.

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Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein or Low-Density Lipoprotein for Cardiovascular Disease in Indians

Shah¹,

Varna²,

Thomas³

2022

Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University

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Background: We aimed to assess the association of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) – a novel lipid marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation in Indians with the meta-analysis approach. Methods: Various databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, were used to identify the prospective studies showing an association between CVD risk and lipid profile in the Indian population. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I 2 statistics, and data were expressed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: After database search, six eligible studies assessing levels of sdLDL and LDL in Indian patients with premature CVD were identified. Level of sdLDL was found to have positive relation with CVD risk in Indians (SMD = 1.352, 95% CI: 0.744–1.96 mg/dL, I 2 94.04%, P < 0.001) along with LDL (SMD = 0.680, 95% CI: 0.180–1.180 mg/dL) levels. However, the degree of association was greater with sdLDL. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis clearly identifies sdLDL as the better marker of premature CVD in Indians, especially in case of normal values of classical markers such as LDL.

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Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein for Risk Prediction of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

A New Predictor of Obstructive Coronary Artery Ectasia in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma

A New Predictor of Obstructive Coronary Artery Ectasia in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma

Lipid Profile and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Relationships to Demographic, Clinical, Angiographic, and Therapeutic Variables

Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein or Low-Density Lipoprotein for Cardiovascular Disease in Indians

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