Small extracellular vesicles-mediated cellular interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: Implication for immunotherapy

Function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells as communication mediators in colorectal cancer metastasis

“…Mounting evidence suggested that exosomes play a pivotal role in the immune microenvironment, facilitating tumor development by coordinating interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. 125 Exosomes derived from immune cells modulate crucial processes within the immune system, including antigen presentation, immune signal transduction, and intercellular communication among immune cells. These exosomes exert their effects by modifying the functionality of recipient cells, thereby establishing a conducive microenvironment for tumor progression and metastasis.…”