Small molecule generators of biologically reactive sulfur species

Abstract

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are integral to cellular survival and growth. Here, small molecule generators of RSS are reviewed.

H2S and reactive sulfur signaling at the host-bacterial pathogen interface

“…new insights into this process. As many of these molecular tools have been extensively reviewed elsewhere (153)(154)(155)(156)(157)(158)(159), here we provide only a summary of the available approaches, while pointing out specific challenges to their use. H 2 S and RSS donors H 2 S donors largely fall into three main classes.…”

“…Whereas H 2 S donors have been extensively developed over the last 10 years, RSS donors typically found in the form of persulfide donors are comparatively less so (153,158). For in vitro chemical reactivity studies, we and others have relied on in situ thiol persulfide generation from the reaction of excess H 2 S with a disulfide, resulting in a mixture containing the thiol persulfide that is not easily separated from the remaining reactants of H 2 S, disulfide, and thiol (45).…”

Fluorogenic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors based on sulfenyl thiocarbonates enable H2S tracking and quantification

“…1a). 34 Expanding on this initial report, we, as well as others, have applied the similar caged-COS systems to include a series of triggerable COS-based H 2 S donors which can be activated by different mechanisms, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS),35–37 esterase,38,39 cellular nucleophiles,40 click chemistry,41 light,42–44 and Cys,45 to release H 2 S under various conditions 45,46…”

Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfite Diesters and their Evaluation as Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Donors

“…Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is an environmental pollutant that is also produced during metabolism of sulfur‐containing amino acids, together with hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), which is known to mediate a number of cellular processes . The known vasodilatory effects of SO 2 in animal models suggest possible signaling roles for this gas as well .…”