Small-sized gadolinium oxide based nanoparticles for high-efficiency theranostics of orthotopic glioblastoma

Lactoferrin, a multi-functional glycoprotein: Active therapeutic, drug nanocarrier & targeting ligand

“…As an extraordinary theranostic agent, tiny gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ) NPs (13.4 nm) were synthesized and stabilized with coating layers of poly(acrylic acid) and reduced albumin. Carbodiimide reaction was then used to develop nanocomposites by chemical coupling of Lf and RGD dimer to the surface of the NPs to enhance BBB permeation and tumor internalization, respectively [ 125 ]. Similarly, cisplatin was loaded into hybrid Fe 3 O 4 /Gd 2 O 3 NPs modified with Lf and RGD dimer to enhance ferroptosis of brain tumor [ 126 ].…”

“… Gd 2 O 3 NPs – Ultra-BBB permeable MRI theranostics which enhanced the effect of radiotherapy in orthotopic glioblastoma models. [ 125 ] Fe 3 O 4 /Gd 2 O 3 NPs CDDP Enhanced ferroptosis of cancer cells. [ 126 ] Mesoporous Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 NPs Mesoporous maghemite NPs DOX Combined DOX/magnetic/PTT therapy significantly inhibited growth and metastasis of breast cancer to lung while reduced cardiotoxicity.…”

“…Recently, Lf and RGD dimer dual-modified extremely small (13.4 nm) gadolinium oxide nanoparticles were prepared as highly efficient theranostics of GBM. The NPs successfully crossed the BBB due to its small diameter and Lf binding to its receptors then enter brain tumor cells by RGD2-integrin αvβ3 interaction, and thus can be used for MRI-guided radiosensitization of brain tumors [ 125 ]. The NPs exhibited high contrast MRI as indicated by extraordinary relaxivities thus showing much better signal enhancement for T1-weighted MRI of tumors than commercial Gd-chelates.…”

Intratumoral injection of hydrogel-embedded nanoparticles enhances retention in glioblastoma

“…21 Moreover, drug clearance and diffusion-based transport across the tumor interstitium can be modulated by tuning NPs size. 22,23 NPs can also be precisely tailored to modulate drug release, resulting in sustained release profiles over time, allowing to increase the drug dose without toxicity. [24][25][26][27][28] Injectable hydrogels (HGs) also represent a viable strategy for local drug delivery in resectable and nonresectable brain tumors.…”

Neuroimaging Studies Evaluating Effective Therapies for High-Grade Glioma

“…[200][201][202][203][204] Moreover, nanoparticle constructs can act as theranostic agents, combining imaging agent and drug transport properties, thereby allowing for the in vivo assessment of drug accumulation into the tumor. 200,205 These characteristics make nanomedicine an attractive therapeutic approach to tackle the complexity of HGG. As research efforts in the field of nanomedicine for the treatment of HGG increase, it is critical that cross-disciplinary collaboration is actively pursued and that the design of new studies is guided by strong clinical relevance to ensure the highest potential for translation.…”