Small Vascular Malformations as a Cause of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Krayenbuehl, H. P.; Siebenmann, R

doi:10.3171/jns.1965.22.1.0007

Cited by 114 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Vascular malformations in the choroid plexus were reported as the source of intracerebral hemorrhage in both infants and adults [32,61,189,191]. Often, small, "cryptic" vascular malformations or "micro-angiomas" [137] 65% of either the AVM, venous or cavernous type, are sources of intracerebral hemorrhage [159,166]. The disclosure of these small lesions which include all morphologic types of vascular malformations, depends on careful histologic examination, although some of these vessels are destroyed by the hemorrhage [212].…”

Section: Complications Of Cerebral Vascular Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Jellinger

1986

Neurosurg. Rev.

245

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Vascular malformations of the central nervous system (C.N.S.) are classified by size, location, and morphologic type, distinguishing capillary telangiectasias, cavernous malformations, venous angiomas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) including varix of the great vein of Galen, and other vascular malformations (e.g. Sturge-Weber syndrome). The morphology and predominant location pattern of the different types of vascular malformations in the brain and spinal cord, and their embryology are reviewed. In the brain and its coverings, all types mainly AVMs and venous angiomas do occur, representing 5-9% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions and 20-40% of the sources of surgically treated intracranial hemorrhages. 50-80% of the angiomas are located in the cerebral hemispheres, 10-18% in central brain areas (basal ganglia, internal capsule, choroid plexus), and 10-30% in the posterior fossa. The major types of cerebral vascular malformations are described with reference to their anatomical features, location, chief arterial and venous supply, and prominent complications. Spinal vascular malformations, accounting for 3 to 12% of spinal space-occupying lesions, include vertebral, extradural, dural, subpial and intramedullary angiomas which occur as isolated or complex vascular anomalies and may involve various covering layers at the same level. The preferential occurrence of angiomas on the dorsal surface of the cord and in the caudal regions is related to the embryologic development of spinal vasculature. Frequent association of spinal angiomas (20-25%) with other vascular anomalies and dysplasias emphasizes their hamartomatous nature and developmental origin. Spinal angiomas include capillary telangiectasias with extra- or intradural and, rarely, intramedullary location, cavernomas, mainly arising in vertebral bodies, venous angiomas, mainly located in vertebral bodies and in the extradural space, and AVMs constituting the commonest type, that may affect both the pial and radicular vessels and can penetrate into the cord. They present as simple AV fistulas, cirsoid angiomas with localized vascular plexuses and large complex convolutions ("juvenile" type). The complications of spinal angiomas include subarachnoid hemorrhage, rare epidural hematoma, hematomyelia, compression lesions of the cord and roots, and ischemic changes causing chronic progressive radiculomyelopathy, previously referred to as Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. Chronic damage to the cord and spinal roots results from pressure effects, thrombosis of the abnormal vessels, disorders of venous drainage, and "steal" phenomena related to the vascular anomalies.

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Section: Complications Of Cerebral Vascular Malformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Jellinger

1986

Neurosurg. Rev.

245

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“…Sin embargo, la mayoría están de acuerdo que se trata de patologia con identidad propia, pudiéndose establecer parâmetros de identificación clínicos y diagnósticos, diferentes para cada una de Ias entidades; si bien se ha observado con cierta frecuencia la asociación de telangiectasias con HC en la misma lesión, así como telangiectasias multiples y HC multiples apartes en un mismo paciente 13 10,23 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Comentáriosunclassified

“…y evidencia de grandes venas dilatadas. Se han observado principalmente en la fase capilar el aparecimiento de pequenas man chas de contraste 13 . En nuestros casos observamos pequenas manchas con trastadas en Ias zonas correspondientes a las lesiones y signos de efecto de masa (Fig.…”

Section: Comentáriosunclassified

Hemangiomas cavernosos encefalicos: presentacion de dos casos

Irazabal

Henriquez

1984

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…However, since the diameter of AV shunts influencing the flow with an exponential function often reach the tenfold diameter and more of normal capillaries, 12 ' 18 the increased carotid flow f may not provide sufficient blood supply for the entire hemisphere in cases of large AVMs.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Hemodynamics of Arterial Venous Malformations

Heiss

Kvicala

et al. 1971

Stroke

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Contribution to the Hemodynamics of Arterial Venous Malformations• In three cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and in one postoperative case, the passage of an I.V.-administered 99m-Technetium bolus through the brain and the 133 Xenon clearance after intracarotid injection from different brain areas were observed, using a scintillation camera-1600 channel memorydigital magnetic tape unit. Regional cerebral blood flow values from contiguous areas down to 12 mm lateral lengths were calculated. In two cases computercalculated cerebral blood flow maps are presented. Areas surrounding the AVMs revealed relatively high CBF values, while the blood flow in more distant parts of the hemisphere was decreased. Areas of low CBF values were detected also in the postoperative case with ligation of vessels. The initial part of the washout curves showed over all AVMs shunt peaks up to 88% of the initial activity. Shunt peaks detected also over most parts of the involved hemisphere are explained by arterio-arterial shunt connections. Their flow, centripetally directed to AVM, may cause the observed pattern of higher and lower flow values, indicating that the Xenon washout may be sensitive not only to capillary flow. Conclusions are drawn that the Xenon-clearance technique provides detection of the hemodynamic influence, but not of the shunt volume of AVMs.

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Small Vascular Malformations as a Cause of Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Cited by 114 publications

References 12 publications

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Vascular malformations of the central nervous system: A morphological overview

Hemangiomas cavernosos encefalicos: presentacion de dos casos

Contribution to the Hemodynamics of Arterial Venous Malformations

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