Smart and Innovative Nanotechnology Applications for Water Purification

Abstract

India is a large country with a diverse topography, climate, and geological makeup, which results in varying groundwater conditions across the nation. Groundwater purity is constantly being disrupted by unsustainable resource usage and indiscriminate use of pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial contaminants. Shallow aquifers are typically contaminated by agrochemicals and garbage from homes and businesses. The delivery of accessible clean water for every individual is the 21st century's foremost concern. Rising population, changing climate, and deteriorating water quality all exacerbate this. Innovation in technology, such nanotechnology, is crucial for allowing integrated water management to extend water supply through non-traditional water sources and improve treatment efficacy. The entire world endures an ongoing risk of water shortfall, which is why water conservation is growing more and more important. Not only is water conservation in our hands, but technology innovation is also at the cutting edge of the future. New ideas and technology have the potential to completely change how we conserve this valuable resource by providing fresh answers to long-standing issues. This chapter will examine the core of these developments, their implications, and how they will contribute to the guarantee of a future free from water scarcity. The availability of affordable, clean water for every person is the 21st century's greatest concern. Climate change, population growth, and deteriorating water quality all aggravate this. By developing novel nanomaterials for the treatment of wastewater, groundwater, and surface water polluted by dangerous metal ions, inorganic and organic solutes, and microbes, nanotechnology can increase access to clean, safe drinking water. Consequently, the advancement of nanotechnology brought to revolutionary answers to problems in physics, chemistry, engineering, and other fields. Getting enough cheap and clean water to suit human needs is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century. Much of the focus in recent years has been on the potential use of nanostructured materials as catalysts or adsorbents to remove poisonous and damaging chemicals from wastewater. Since the beginning of this decade, nanomaterials have drawn particular interest due to their distinct qualities above those of bulk materials. Like many nanomaterials, single- and multi-metal or doped metal oxides are likewise highly sought-after due to their unique catalytic characteristics, elevated magnetic properties, and high surface-to-volume ratios.