Smart cities: Understanding policies, standards, applications and case studies

Abstract

<span>This paper presents the integration of required basic facilities of living such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure for building the smart cities. The administrations of smart cities should have the smart governance, safety measures with cultural and social stimulus. Four building blocks of smart cities, i.e., people and environment, smart utilities, smart technology and smart administration are described in the present paper. The aim of this paper is to give a clearer perspective of the key decisions with spatial reference that may assume a key part in the plan of a smart city technique. Application of various technologies, for examples big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, block chain technology to the smart cities are discussed in this paper. Various challenges of smart cities such as information technology (IT) infrastructure, cost, privacy, security, efficiency, fossil fuel dependency and congested commutes with proposed solutions are also presented in this paper.</span>

Insights on the internet of things: past, present, and future directions

“…Columbus, Ohio's Smart City, has tried self-driving shuttles. This futuristic experiment demonstrates how smart cities may help to decrease the demand for private automobiles in the future [20], [53], [105], [116], [188], [269], [279], [332]- [337].…”

“…By using sensors to determine the number of people present in a space, smart buildings, for instance, may reduce energy use. The temperature may be controlled automatically, for example by turning on the air conditioner if sensors detect that a conference room is full or by decreasing the temperature if everyone has left the office [47], [105], [157]- [161]. Linked sensors may be utilized by IoT-based smart farming systems to monitor the light, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture of agricultural areas.…”

Design and simulation of a software defined networking-enabled smart switch for internet of things-based smart grid

“…Salkuti [9], discussed in the literature policies and standards of the smart cities. As well as challenges in the implementation of smart cities such as cost, and privacy security.…”

Smart portable system for monitoring vibration based on the Raspberry Pi microcomputer and the MEMS accelerometer

“…Vibration monitoring systems can solve many problems related to vibrations that occur during the operation of processing equipment (mechanisms, machines, CNC machine tools). Therefore, the development of systems for monitoring and analysing vibrations in technical objects is a current issue [12]- [16]. Several open researches are studied and discussed in order to push the technology further in this direction of vibration monitoring.…”