Smart contract-based secure cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm

Abstract

Spectrum sensing is the key technology of cognitive radio. In this article, we apply blockchain technology in spectrum sensing process and propose a related algorithm based on reputation. The algorithm builds a system model based on smart contract in blockchain and applies blockchain asymmetric encryption algorithm and digital signature technology in the process of secondary users’ transmitting local judgments to the secondary user base station. The algorithm can resist spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack launched by malicious users. This article comprehensively considers the channel error rate, detection probability, secondary user base station budget and remaining energy of the secondary users (SUs) and then establishes the SU’s utility function as well as the game model. By solving the Nash equilibrium, the SU determines whether it uploads sensing data. Finally, the SU base station selects registered SUs by calculating and updating their reputation, obtaining the final judgment by voting rule. With simulations, we prove that the algorithm proposed in this article increases the accuracy and security of spectrum sensing and can effectively resist SSDF attack.

Blockchain based robust Cooperative spectrum sensing

“…Blockchain based smart contract model has been used in [1], wherein digital signature and asymmetric encryption is applied for sending local decisions to the secondary base station. The base station chooses registered SUs depending on their reputation.…”

“…for all z = 1 to K − 1 do 38: ex = (Id of Φ ̸ = z) = 0.1( (z[1])) + 0.9(O) 47: end for 48: if S > R then 49:…”