Smart Control Strategy for PV and Heat Pump System Utilizing Thermal and Electrical Storage and Forecast Services

Psimopoulos, Emmanouil; Bee, Elena; Luthander, Rasmus; Bales, Chris

doi:10.18086/swc.2017.33.07

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition to the energy balances, Equation 16through Equation 18, and the inequality Constraints (12), (13) and (15), three more inequality constraints are needed in order to exclude the physically impossible decision of charging and discharging the battery simultaneously:…”

Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If there is a feed-in limit (e.g., in Germany), the PV power is curtailed, which reduces the income of the PV system owner. Therefore, more intelligent rule-based approaches have been reported [12][13][14] and are already being sold by the industry. However, even if they reach near-optimal performance in cost reduction, they are typically designed for specific system setups and may be difficult to adapt to other systems, other climates, or a changing socio-economic environment such as flexible electricity prices or the emergence of local electricity or grid service markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization-Based Control Concept with Feed-in and Demand Peak Shaving for a PV Battery Heat Pump Heat Storage System

2019

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The increasing share of renewable energies in the electricity sector promotes a more decentralized energy supply and the introduction of new flexibility options. These flexibility options provide degrees of freedom that should be used optimally. Therefore, in this paper, a model predictive control-based multi-objective optimizing energy management concept for a hybrid energy storage system, consisting of a photovoltaics (PV) plant, a battery, and a combined heat pump/heat storage device is presented. The concept’s objectives are minimal operation costs and reducing the power exchanged with the electrical grid while ensuring user comfort. In order to prove the concept to be viable and its objectives being fulfilled, investigations based on simulations of one year of operation have been carried out. Comparisons to a simple rule-based strategy and the same model predictive control scheme with ideal forecasts prove the concept’s viability while showing improvement potential in the treatment of nonlinear system behavior, caused by nonlinear battery losses, and of forecast uncertainties.

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Section: Of 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization-Based Control Concept with Feed-in and Demand Peak Shaving for a PV Battery Heat Pump Heat Storage System

2019

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“…All three switches can be controlled by an identical PWM signal. When one of the switches is turned on, a current builds up according to the voltage difference of the phases as given in (1) to (3). The phase currents are shared as a function of the sinusoidal phase voltages and therefore show a sinusoidal waveform as well.…”

Section: Fig 2 Simplified Circuit Diagram Of Three-phase Pwm Choppermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excess PV energy is not fed back to the grid but used to produce hot water and stored in the domestic boiler. Direct systems work with an electric heating element, whereas indirect systems use a heat pump to produce hot water (see [1], [2] and [3]). The overall efficiency of indirect systems is higher due to the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump being higher than 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a three-phase AC chopper with high power factor for the use in “PV-to-Heat” applications

Raeber

Heinzelmann

Oliapuram

2019

IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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The decreasing cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems allows the production of cheap renewable electricity. This has led to an increasing number of installed systems during the past years. Since the storage of electrical energy is still rather expensive, the optimization of the self-consumption coverage gains importance. One solution to higher self-consumption is a method called "PVto-Heat", where excess PV energy is not fed into the grid but stored in the form of hot water in the domestic boiler. This article describes a simplified hardware approach for a three-phase PWM chopper for AC/AC conversion. It is suited for low inductive loads like electric heaters. Compared to existing systems, the proposed converter design offers equal or better performance at very low cost and small size. The circuit allows full control of the power flow and provides sinusoidal and symmetrical load currents. The average electrical efficiency is 94.7% for a 6 kW test system. Unlike certain commercial products, there is no need to use a custom heater or access the star point of the load resistor.

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“…The necessity of a more advanced control system to maximize PV self-consumption emerges from these studies, and some attempts have been made in the literature. Psimopoulos et al [20] used weather forecasts to take rule-based decisions on the system operation. Similarly, Thygesen and Karlsson [14] proposed a controller of the tank set point based on the radiation forecast for a ground source heat pump in the Swedish climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand-Side Management of Air-Source Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems for Heating Applications in the Italian Context

2018

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Matching demand profile and solar irradiance availability is necessary to meet space heating and domestic hot water needs by means of an air-source heat pump and photovoltaic system in a single-family house. Demand-side management, with smart control of the water storage set-point, is a simple but effective technique. Several studies in the literature pursue demand-side matching and self-consumption goals through system adjustments based on the model predictive control. This study proposes a rule-based control strategy, based on instantaneous photovoltaic (PV) power production, with the purpose of enhancing the self-consumption. This strategy exploits the building’s thermal capacitance as a virtual battery, and the thermal storage capacity of the system by running the heat pump to its limit when PV surplus power is available, and by eventually using an electric heater in order to reach higher temperatures. Results of annual dynamic simulations of a building and its heating system show that the proposed rule-based control strategy is able to reduce significantly the energy exchanges between the system and the grid. Despite the enlarged renewable energy share, economic analysis points out the pursuit of the self-consumption goal may lead to a diminution of the economic advantage in the Italian context (Italian weather data and the electric power pricing scheme).

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Smart Control Strategy for PV and Heat Pump System Utilizing Thermal and Electrical Storage and Forecast Services

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Optimization-Based Control Concept with Feed-in and Demand Peak Shaving for a PV Battery Heat Pump Heat Storage System

Optimization-Based Control Concept with Feed-in and Demand Peak Shaving for a PV Battery Heat Pump Heat Storage System

Analysis of a three-phase AC chopper with high power factor for the use in “PV-to-Heat” applications

Demand-Side Management of Air-Source Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems for Heating Applications in the Italian Context

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