Smart grid cyber-physical systems: communication technologies, standards and challenges

Jha, Amitkumar V.; Appasani, Bhargav; Ghazali, Abu Nasar; Pattanayak, Prabina; Gurjar, Devendra Singh; Kabalcı, Ersan; Mohanta, Dusmanta Kumar

doi:10.1007/s11276-021-02579-1

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Recently, synchrophasor technology emerged as a viable solution for the WAMS. The synchrophasor technology enables WAMS to monitor, control, and coordinate the SG in real-time and precisely [30]. The fundamental architecture of the synchrophasor measurement system involves a phasor measurement unit (PMU), phasor data concentrator (PDC), and the communication network [31].…”

Section: Blockchain For Synchrophasor Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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The conventional electrical grid is undergoing substantial growth for reliable grid operation and for more efficient and sustainable energy use. The traditional grid is now metamorphosing into a smart grid (SG) that incorporates a diverse, heterogeneous blend of operating measures such as smart appliances, meters, and renewable energy resources. With better efficient results and dependability, the SG can be described as a modern electric power grid architecture. The SG is one of the greatest potential advances as a promising solution for the energy crisis. However, it is complex and its decentralization could be of tremendous benefit. Moreover, digitalization and integration of a large number of growing connections make it a target of cyber-attacks. In this sense, blockchain is a promising SG paradigm solution that offers several excellent features. There has been considerable effort put into using blockchains in the smart grid for its decentralization and enhanced cybersecurity; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in both application and architectural perspectives. An in-depth study was conducted on blockchain-enabled SG applications. Blockchain architectures for various applications, such as the synchrophasor applications, electric vehicles, energy management systems, etc., were proposed. The purpose of this article is to provide directions for future research efforts aimed at secure and decentralized SG applications using blockchain.

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Section: Blockchain For Synchrophasor Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

et al. 2022

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“…It can be observed that research has been focused on addressing the security and safety issues in CPS. However, not much research has been found on the reliability of the cyber networks (Jha, Appasani, Ghazali, Pattanayak, Gurjar, Kabalci, Mohanta, 2021).…”

Section: Cyber Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OT systems differ from traditional IT systems with respect to the target, purpose, computing components, communication technologies, and interfaces as well as ownership and management (Jha, Appasani, Ghazali, Pattanayak, Gurjar, Kabalci, Mohanta, 2021).…”

Section: Military Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Communication in the Face of Contemporary Threats to the Information Environment

Lipińska¹

2021

HSS

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STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION IN THE FACE OF CONTEMPORARY THREATS TO THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTCitizens' involvement in social life is essential to the functioning of civil society. This takes place when citizens are duly informed and involved in the activities of public institutions. To realize this, it is necessary to develop an extensive information policy that integrates a given ministry's strategic communication expectations. The aim of this article was to describe strategic communication in relation to the implementation of a systemic method of communication in the army together with its structures in the larger society, including allied countries. This description was carried out against the background of contemporary threats to the information environment. The following research problem was posed: How are the assumptions of strategic communication implemented against the background of contemporary threats to the information environment? Qualitative analysis was the research method used, and the technique used was the analysis of source documents.

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“…To begin with, there are a massive number of smart devices, possibly billions. This suggests that the IoT would be the most complex man-made system ever in terms of the number of entities involved [7]. Second, they are essentially heterogeneous, with respect to the functionality, protocol stacks, radios, operating systems (some objects do not even have one), energy sources, identities, and so on [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Review on IoT Threats and Attacks: Taxonomy, Challenges and Solutions

et al. 2021

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The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in interconnecting physical and virtual objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies intending to connect and exchange data with devices and systems around the globe over the Internet. With a multitude of features to offer, IoT is a boon to mankind, but just as two sides of a coin, the technology, with its lack of securing information, may result in a big bane. It is estimated that by the year 2030, there will be nearly 25.44 billion IoT devices connected worldwide. Due to the unprecedented growth, IoT is endangered by numerous attacks, impairments, and misuses due to challenges such as resource limitations, heterogeneity, lack of standardization, architecture, etc. It is known that almost 98% of IoT traffic is not encrypted, exposing confidential and personal information on the network. To implement such a technology in the near future, a comprehensive implementation of security, privacy, authentication, and recovery is required. Therefore, in this paper, the comprehensive taxonomy of security and threats within the IoT paradigm is discussed. We also provide insightful findings, presumptions, and outcomes of the challenges to assist IoT developers to address risks and security flaws for better protection. A five-layer and a seven-layer IoT architecture are presented in addition to the existing three-layer architecture. The communication standards and the protocols, along with the threats and attacks corresponding to these three architectures, are discussed. In addition, the impact of different threats and attacks along with their detection, mitigation, and prevention are comprehensively presented. The state-of-the-art solutions to enhance security features in IoT devices are proposed based on Blockchain (BC) technology, Fog Computing (FC), Edge Computing (EC), and Machine Learning (ML), along with some open research problems.

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Smart grid cyber-physical systems: communication technologies, standards and challenges

Cited by 60 publications

References 93 publications

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

Strategic Communication in the Face of Contemporary Threats to the Information Environment

State-of-the-Art Review on IoT Threats and Attacks: Taxonomy, Challenges and Solutions

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