Smart Local Energy Systems: Optimal Planning of Stand-Alone Hybrid Green Power Systems for On-Line Charging of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Multi-vector smart local energy systems are playing an increasingly importantly role in the fast-track decarbonisation of our global energy services. An emergent contributor to global decarbonisation is green hydrogen. Green hydrogen can remove or reduce the burden of electrification of heat and transport on energy networks and provide a sustainable energy resource. In this paper, we explore how to optimally design a standalone hybrid green power system (HGPS) to supply a specific load demand with on-line charging of Electric Vehicles (EV). The HGPS includes wind turbine (WT) units, photovoltaic (PV) arrays, electrolyser and fuel cell (FC). For reliability analysis, it is assumed that WT, PV, DC/AC converter, and EV charger can also be sources of potential failure. Our methodology utilises a particle swarm optimization, coupled with a range of energy scenarios as to fully evaluate the varying interdependences and importance of economic and reliability indices, for the standalone HGPS. Our analysis indicates that EV charging with peak loading can have significant impact on the HGPS, resulting in significant reductions in the reliability indices of the HGPS, therefore enhance the operation of HGPS and reduces the overall cost. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of understanding local demand within a multi-vector optimization framework, as to ensure viable and resilient energy services. INDEX TERMSSmart local energy system, green hydrogen, reliability, economics, optimization, electric vehicle charging. NOMENCLATURE ACRONYMS BES Battery Energy Storage. DGs Distributed Generation Sources. EENS Expectation Of Not Served Energy. ELF Equivalent Loss Factor. ESS Energy Storage System. EV Electric Vehicle. FC Fuel Cell.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Frederico Guimarães .

A smart and intelligence based controlling algorithms for maximum power extraction and effective battery management in EV systems

“…The goal of a SPEV is to extract as much energy as possible each day to boost battery liberty, speed up system charging, and gain significant daily miles 19 . A good BMS is essential for guaranteeing the safe and efficient operation of batteries, which have been widely used in the majority of EV applications 20 . Due to their benefits including a high density of energy, less emissions, and a prolonged life expectancy, batteries are frequently used as the power source for EVs.…”

“…19 A good BMS is essential for guaranteeing the safe and efficient operation of batteries, which have been widely used in the majority of EV applications. 20 Due to their benefits including a high density of energy, less emissions, and a prolonged life expectancy, batteries are frequently used as the power source for EVs. However, batteries need to be handled with special caution in EV applications.…”