Smart optical coherence tomography for ultra-deep imaging through highly scattering media

Badon, Amaury; Li, Dayan; Lerosey, Geoffroy; Boccara, Albert Claude; Fink, Mathias; Aubry, Alexandre

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600370

Cited by 156 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Hence, though we are dealing with seismic waves whose mechanical nature is similar to ultrasound, the discrimination between single and multiple scattering must be performed in a different manner than what has been done in the context of ultrasonic detection. Instead, we adapt a recent extension of the matrix approach to optical imaging (Badon et al, ). In the next section we explain how the reflection matrix is transformed by emission and reception focusing, before discriminating single and multiple scattering.…”

Section: Response Matrix Of Geophonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new route has been proposed to extract singly scattered echoes from a predominant multiple‐scattering background in presence of aberrations (Badon et al, ). It consists in applying consecutively to the reflection matrix R : (i) an adaptive confocal filter that we describe below; (ii) an iterative time reversal process that we will describe in section .…”

Section: In‐depth Imaging Of Erebus Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet new perspectives to overcome this problem were opened by the advent of multielement arrays with controllable emitters and/or receivers, both in ultrasound imaging (Aubry & Derode, , ; Shahjahan et al, ) and in optical microscopy (Badon et al, , ). In a linear and time‐invariant system with an array of M ‐independent emitters/receivers, the propagation of waves can be described by a matrix approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, recent academic studies proposed a solution based on random matrix properties to overcome multiple scattering by separating the single‐ and multiple‐scattering contributions in the reflection matrix. From a physical point of view, it was done by taking advantage of the memory effect in the far field (Shahjahan et al, ) or, equivalently, by a confocal discrimination between single and multiple scattering in the focal plane (Badon et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To that end, focusing is performed both at emission and reception by means of simple matrix operations. It yields a new reflection matrix, each element of which is the total response (i.e., ballistic, single, and multiple scattering) between two virtual geophones (Badon et al, ; Robert & Fink, ; Wapenaar et al, ). (B3) An input‐output analysis, which will be referred to as confocal filtering, allows for the removal of most of the multiple scattering contribution in the new reflection matrix (Badon et al, ). (B4) Iterative time reversal (Prada & Fink, ; Prada et al, ) is applied to overcome the residual multiple‐scattering contribution as well as the aberration effects induced by the scattering medium itself and detect possible reflectors. (B5) A statistical analysis of the matrix singular values permit attribution of a likelihood index to each detected structure (Aubry & Derode, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

et al. 2018

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Multiple scattering of seismic waves is often seen as a nightmare for conventional migration techniques that generally rely on a ballistic or a single‐scattering assumption. In heterogeneous areas such as volcanoes, the multiple‐scattering contribution limits the imaging‐depth to one scattering mean free path, the mean distance between two successive scattering events for body waves. In this Letter, we propose a matrix approach of passive seismic imaging that pushes back this fundamental limit by making an efficient use of scattered body waves drowned into a noisy seismic coda. As a proof of concept, the case of the Erebus volcano in Antarctica is considered. The Green's functions between a set of geophones placed on top of the volcano are first retrieved by the cross correlation of coda waves induced by multiple icequakes. This set of impulse responses forms a reflection matrix. By combining a matrix discrimination of singly scattered waves with iterative time reversal, we are able to push back the multiple scattering limit beyond 10 scattering mean free paths. The matrix approach reveals the internal structure of the Erebus volcano: A chimney‐shaped structure at shallow depths, a magma reservoir at 2,500 m and several cavities at sea level and below it. The matrix approach paves the way toward a greatly improved monitoring of volcanic structures at depth. Beyond this specific case, the matrix approach of seismic imaging can generally be applied to all scales and areas where multiple scattering events undergone by body waves prevent in‐depth imaging of the Earth's crust.

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Section: Response Matrix Of Geophonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In‐depth Imaging Of Erebus Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

et al. 2018

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Noninvasive Imaging Through Scattering Media with Enlarged FOV Using PSF Estimations and Correlations

Zhang

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Advanced Photonics Research

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Imaging and Focusing Through Scattering Medium Based on Reflection Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography

Cao

Wang

2022

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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Multiple scattering inside the random medium limits the imaging depth of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to 1-2 mm, as well as the degree of focus at the deep imaging depth. In this paper, by combining the concept of matrix measurement with a wide-field optical coherence tomography, we have done two aspects of work. The first one is for deeper imaging depth. By reconstructing the huge reflection matrix of the sample and then applying a time-reversal operation to it, we successfully filter out the single scattered light for imaging at the depth of 15 times of the scattering mean free path (SMFP). Since the imaging depth of conventional OCT is 6-7 times of the SMFP, our proposed reflection matrix optical coherence tomography (RMOCT) is about one time deeper than the conventional OCT. The second part of the work is a high-speed wavefront shaping (WFS) method based on a one-time in-and-out complex light field analysis. With the help of a phase-only spatial light modulator, we realize the light focusing through a random medium is ~113 ms. It is about three times faster than the iterative feedback wavefront shaping method. We believe that our work might pave the way to apply WFS to optical imaging methods and open new methods toward deeper imaging through a scattering medium.

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Smart optical coherence tomography for ultra-deep imaging through highly scattering media

Abstract: Iterative time reversal overcomes multiple scattering and breaks the imaging-depth limit in optical coherence tomography.

Cited by 156 publications

References 61 publications

Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

Matrix Approach of Seismic Imaging: Application to the Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

Noninvasive Imaging Through Scattering Media with Enlarged FOV Using PSF Estimations and Correlations

Imaging and Focusing Through Scattering Medium Based on Reflection Matrix Optical Coherence Tomography

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