Smart pH-Sensitive Hydrogel Based on the Pineapple Peel-Oxidized Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and the Hericium erinaceus Residue Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Use in Drug Delivery

Abstract

Pineapple and hericium erinaceus (HE) produce a lot of residues in the process of food processing. These processed residues are good potential derivative precursors. In this investigation, a simple and non-toxic method was developed to prepare one new composite hydrogel by the Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde group of oxidized hydroxyethyl cellulose (OHEC) from processed pineapple peel residue and the amino group of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) from processed HE residue. Subsequently, a series of experiments toward these new hydrogel polymers including structure characterization and performances were applied. The resultant hydrogel polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and confirmed with thermogravimetry. It was observed that the modification of cellulose and chitin was adequate, and the synthesis of OHEC/CMCS hydrogel polymers was successful. The gelation time experiments indicated that the shortest gel time was 33 s at a mass ratio of 4:6 (OHEC-70:CMCS). The hydrogel showed good swelling properties. The maximum swelling rate reached 11.58 g/g, and the swelling rate decreased with the increase of the oxidation degree of OHEC. The drug delivery applications of the prepared hydrogel were evaluated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug releasing in vitro. It was discovered that the BSA release from the hydrogel was pH sensitive under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. All of these attributes indicate that the novel prepared hydrogel polymers have the potential as good carriers for oral delivery of protein-type drugs.

Controlled‐release alginate‐bentonite polymer gel granules of emamectin benzoate and control efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda

“…A comparison of the R 2 between the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models revealed that the Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibited greater values compared with Higuchi model, indicating that the Korsmeyer-Peppas model is more suitable with respect to the release of emamectin benzoate from alginate-bentonite polymer granules. In addition, it has been verified that the diffusion mechanism of polymer could be evaluated by the value of n. 32,33,38 For emamectin benzoate polymer gel granules, all the n values were less than 0.45, which indicates that their release process follows Fickian diffusion.…”

“…Thus, emamectin benzoate release could be controlled by the polymer swelling and relaxation. 38,39 However, when 4 or 6 g of methanol/water mixture was added, n values ranged from 0.18 to 0.37. All the n values were lower than 0.45 in this study, suggesting that the release mainly followed Fickian diffusion.…”

Advances in Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Engineering: A Review Summary

“…It was done mainly through the oxidation and alkalization of cellulose hydrogels. Cellulose was modified to oxidized dialdehyde cellulose, and chitin was modified to CMC, which was combined by a Schiff base reaction to form a new hydrogel with excellent characteristics [ 117 ].…”

Design of an Injectable Magnetic Hydrogel Based on the Tumor Microenvironment for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy

“…24 Chitosan and cellulose are promising biopolymers with very good gelation capability. 25 Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a derivative of chitosan with carboxymethyl groups. The introduction of the carboxymethyl group adds many special features to chitosan, such as good water solubility, hygroscopicity, and film-forming properties.…”