Smart polymeric particle encapsulated gadolinium oxide and europium: theranostic probes for magnetic resonance/optical imaging and antitumor drug delivery

Liu, Ruiqing; Liang, Shuang; Jiang, Cun; Zhang, L.; Yuan, Tianmeng; Li, Penghui; Xu, Zushun; Xu, Haibo; Chu, Paul K.

doi:10.1039/c5tb02083b

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…135,136 In the study, gadolinium oxide and europium-encapsulated temperature/pH-responsive polymeric particles (PLTPPs) were synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization presented excellent biocompatibility with C6 cellulases and anticancer drug loading capacity (doxorubicin, DOX). 137…”

Section: Smart Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Immobilized Enzyme Biocatalysts: Drawbacks and Opportunities

Reis

Sousa

Serpa

et al. 2019

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The enzymatic processes are increasingly highlights, especially in the synthesis of chemical products with high added value. The enzyme immobilization can improve industrial biocatalytic processes. The immobilization of enzymes provides the production of efficient, stable biocatalysts, possibility of reuse and easy purification of the products, when compared to the free enzymes. There is a growing research for more efficient methods of enzyme immobilization. In this context, the choice of support and immobilization strategy can significantly improve the final enzymatic properties. In this review paper, we aimed to discuss the versatility of biocatalysts immobilized enzymes design, focusing on the opportunities and disadvantages for each method presented. They discussed the recent development of enzyme immobilization methods and applications relating the final properties of the produced biocatalysts with the desired goals.

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Section: Smart Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Immobilized Enzyme Biocatalysts: Drawbacks and Opportunities

Reis

Sousa

Serpa

et al. 2019

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“…2 b, c). The DLE and DLC of AIPH were determined to be 49.8% and 20.75% respectively (Additional file 1 : Figures S2, S3) [ 45 ]. The contents of AIPH, PDA, ZIF-8 and PVP-CuS in APCZ were calculated to be 6.3%, 24.08%, 58.23% and 11.39% respectively, while the mass ratio between AIPH and CuS was about 1.106:1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIR-II-driven and glutathione depletion-enhanced hypoxia-irrelevant free radical nanogenerator for combined cancer therapy

et al. 2021

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Background Though the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) appears to be very attractive in cancer treatment, hypoxia and overproduced glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) limit their efficacy for further application. Results In this work, a smart hypoxia-irrelevant free radical nanogenerator (AIPH/PDA@CuS/ZIF-8, denoted as APCZ) was synthesized in situ via coating copper sulphide (CuS)-embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on the free radical initiator 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]-dihydrochloride (AIPH)-loaded polydopamine (PDA). APCZ showed promising GSH-depleting ability and near-infrared (NIR)-II photothermal performance for combined cancer therapy. Once internalized by 4T1 cells, the outer ZIF-8 was rapidly degraded to trigger the release of CuS nanoparticles (NPs), which could react with local GSH and sequentially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form hydroxyl radical (·OH) for CDT. More importantly, the hyperthermia generated by APCZ upon 1064 nm laser excitation not only permitted NIR-II photothermal therapy (PTT) and promoted CDT, but also triggered the decomposition of AIPH to give toxic alkyl radical (·R) for oxygen-independent PDT. Besides, the PDA together with CuS greatly decreased the GSH level and resulted in significantly enhanced PDT/CDT in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The tumors could be completely eradicated after 14 days of treatment due to the prominent therapeutic effects of PTT/PDT/CDT. Additionally, the feasibility of APCZ as a photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agent was also demonstrated. Conclusions The novel APCZ could realize the cooperative amplification effect of free radicals-based therapies by NIR-II light excitation and GSH consumption, and act as a contrast agent to improve PA imaging, holding tremendous potential for efficient diagnosis and treatment of deep-seated and hypoxic tumors. Graphic abstract

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“…As described in some examples in the previous section, the activation of the probe is frequently achieved by controlling the accessibility of gadolinium to bind water molecules. Different gadolinium probes were encapsulated in polymeric matrixes [29][30][31][32] or dendrimers 28 which changed morphology (either shrank or swelled) [29][30][31] , hydrolysed 30 or protonated 28 in acidic pH. This led to substantial changes in relaxivity values of the probes as a consequence of pH and in some cases also to probe accumulation due to size change.…”

Section: Activatable Probes For 1 H Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28][29][30][31][32] In connection with this, Yang et al encapsulated iron oxide NPs within micelles that disassembled at pH values below 6.8. The micelle rupture and iron oxide NPs release was accompanied by a T…”

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confidence: 99%