Smart Sensors for Smart Grid Reliability

Abstract

Sensors for monitoring electrical parameters over an entire electricity network infrastructure play a fundamental role in protecting smart grids and improving the network’s energy efficiency. When a short circuit takes place in a smart grid it has to be sensed as soon as possible to reduce its fault duration along the network and to reduce damage to the electricity infrastructure as well as personal injuries. Existing protection devices, which are used to sense the fault, range from classic analog electro-mechanics relays to modern intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). However, both types of devices have fixed adjustment settings (offline stage) and do not provide any coordination among them under real-time operation. In this paper, a new smart sensor is developed that offers the capability to update its adjustment settings during real-time operation, in coordination with the rest of the smart sensors spread over the network. The proposed sensor and the coordinated protection scheme were tested in a standard smart grid (IEEE 34-bus test system) under different short circuit scenarios and renewable energy penetration. Results suggest that the short-circuit fault sensed by the smart sensor is improved up to 80% and up to 64% compared with analog electromechanics relays and IEDs, respectively.

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol for IoT Communication Systems in 5G and Beyond

“…The use of clustering approaches for IoT communications under the 5G environment is determined by analyzing the main differences between WSNs and IoT based on different features. First, while WSNs were originally established for monitoring and collecting data for an exclusive environment such as military surveillance [ 21 ], health monitoring [ 22 ], IoT communication systems are applied in heterogeneous environments including homes, buildings, smart cities [ 23 ], and smart grids [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Following their applications, the amount of data transmitted in the WSNs is relatively smaller than in the IoT communication systems, which require a very high bandwidth to accomplish their goal.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Analog electro-mechanics relays and modern intelligent electronic devices are used to expose any failure on the grid, but their settings do not adjust while real-time operation takes place. Therefore, Alonso et al [70] propose the design of new relay based on the IEC61850 smart sensor for coordinating optimal operation time between sensors. This protection scheme was tested in diverse short circuit scenarios and energy penetration levels in a standard SG, reducing the activation time of the network breakers and making the grid more reliable, respect to the analogue and intelligent electronic.…”

A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Aspects of Big Data Analytics for the Smart Grid

“…Further, the load demand can be effectively optimized, which can significantly reduce environmental pollution in the whole electricity supply system. In addition to this, customers can perform appropriate maintenance, ameliorate existing high system levels and ensure reliability, quality and security of supply [26].…”