Smart Toilet

Lokman, Amar; Ramasamy, R Kanesaraj

doi:10.1145/3361758.3361765

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar study we used ultrasonic sound to detect the user’s presence in a smart toilet 3 . This form of detection proved challenging as the sound wave was absorbed by the participant’s clothes, as a result the accurate distance could not be detected by the ultrasonic sound 3 . Therefore, compared to our previous study, IR sensor is a more reliable detection system for smart toilets as it can precisely detect human presence in the toilet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many that have used sensors and proven its efficacy 3 . For example, the complex framework of traffic management 4 , operates the traffic control system by using IoT, IR sensors, and image processing to make the road system operate efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet

Lokman¹,

Rajendran²,

Ramasamy³

2022

F1000Res

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Background: Infrared (IR) sensors are useful tools for detecting distance and proximity. However, these sensors are not good at detecting edges of an area, therefore when used in a smart toilet it has difficulty in detecting the orientation and position of the user’s body. The aim of this study was to design an IR sensor for a smart toilet with a more accurate and consistent detection. Methods: A total of 12(six men and six women) participants with different body types were involved in this study. IR sensor detection was tested in the sitting and squatting toilets. For the best accuracy, the IR sensor's angle was measured. Red, blue, and red-blue plastic covers were used, as these colors improve precision. The microcontroller was set up to calculate the participant’s distance and presence in the cubicle. Results: Toilet positioning varied greatly depending on whether one is sitting or squatting. For sitting toilet, the red cover was close to the accurate distance at a 172˚ angle. IR detected a man but not a woman's body. The blue cover provided the same best angle of 172˚ with a higher sensor distance. When the red and blue cover combination was applied, the reading of 141cm detected both men and women, at 172˚ angle. The actual distance for squatting toilets was 158cm. The optimal angle for both red and blue covers was 176˚, however the sensor distance was greater for the blue cover. Finally, the red and blue cover combination gave a more accurate distance of up to 163cm from the actual reading, when detecting both genders at a normal angle of 76˚. Conclusion: The combination of red and blue cover gave the most accurate detection for the squatting and sitting toilets. The best angle for sitting was 172˚, and for squatting was 176˚.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet

Lokman¹,

Rajendran²,

Ramasamy³

2022

F1000Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The paper concluded that in terms of reliability, the ultrasonic sensor can detect the presence of a human only at a certain distance due to the relativity of the position of the human body to the size. The infrared sensor however was able to generate a more precise output (Lokman, A. et al 2019)…”

Section: Smart Toilet: Threats and Challenges Identifying Human Prese...mentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT Based Cubicle Occupancy Indicator for Public Toilets

Alfonso,

Atizado,

Encinas

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management

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The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected everyone to an unprecedented shift in the way of their everyday life in which fundamental social and work etiquette evolved with taking extra safety measures to contain the virus. A new normal has been introduced to prevent the virus's further spread, such as wearing a mask, observing proper hand hygiene, and most importantly, physical distancing by staying 6 feet away from others. Public bathrooms are inevitable to long lines that would be deemed unsafe in the pandemic since a person's exposure time is a significant factor with the transmission. The system design in this study would help improve user experience in public restrooms by eliminating long waiting lines caused by poor communication on a cubicle's vacancy status. With utilizing the technology of IoT (Internet of Things), the public would be able to use restrooms with ease without worrying about long queues. It would also help reduce interaction with other people, which is functional in the ongoing pandemic and could also promote a safe way of using public restrooms by encouraging the public to observe social distancing.

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Smart Toilets and Toilet Gadgets in Sustainable Smart Cities: An Overview of Personal Health Monitoring

Mbonu

Kilanko

Kilanko³

et al. 2022

Green Energy and Technology

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Healthcare as a service in most developed countries has advanced more than just electronic medical records (EMR), automated hospital experience, hospital information systems, and the like of it. Healthcare services have attained the height of remote surgery, computer-aided surgery, and remote patient monitoring and care due to the advancements in information and communication technology coupled with the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) ability on the Internet of things. The use of smart gadgets in the toilet capable of collecting data relevant to healthcare makes the gadget a personal health monitoring device, which is a medical care supplement to traditional health monitoring. This provides an effective, non-invasive, nondestructive, low-cost, accuracy, and timesaving method of conducting health monitoring on the user in real time.

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Smart Toilet

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet

The accuracy of Infrared sensor detection in a smart toilet

IoT Based Cubicle Occupancy Indicator for Public Toilets

Smart Toilets and Toilet Gadgets in Sustainable Smart Cities: An Overview of Personal Health Monitoring

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