“…Eleven studies found significantly increased risks or observed gene-environment interactions related to PB, SGA fetuses, and IUGR [ 20 , 25 , 27 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 38 , 47 , 60 , 82 , 87 ]. The significant maternal genotypes detected were cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 ( CYP1A1 ; MspI) m1/m2 and m2/m2 [ 28 , 34 , 36 , 61 ], CYP1A1 (Ile462Val) AG/GG [ 49 ], glutathione S-transferase (GST) mu 1 ( GSTM1 ) null [ 25 , 36 , 47 , 61 ], GST theta 1 ( GSTT1 ) null [ 25 , 40 , 47 , 60 ], GST theta 2 ( GSTT2 ) null [ 39 ], aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR ) (Arg554Lys) Arg/Arg or GG [ 49 , 61 ], NAD[P]H quinone dehydrogenase 1 ( NQO1 ; Pro185Ser) Pro/Pro [ 62 ], CYP2E1*5 [ 62 ], 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 ( OGG1 ; Ser326Cys) CG/GG [ 80 ], methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ; A1298C) AA [ 70 ], X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 ( XRCC1 ; Arg194Trp) CT/TT [ 49 ], XRCC1 (Gln399Trp) GA/AA [ 49 ], murine double minute 4 ( MDM4 ; rs1090595) AC [ 87 ], tumor protein p53 ( TP53 ) CT [ 87 ], haptoglobin 2 ( Hp2 ) *2 [ 79 ], DNA [cytosine-5-]-methyltransferase 3 beta ( DNMT3B ; rs1569686) TT [ 20 ], epoxide hydrolase 1 ( EPHX1 ; Tyr113His) His/His [ 68 ], CYP2A6*1/*4 and CYP2A6*4/*4 [ 38 ]. The significant infant genotypes detected were GSTT1 null [ 40 ] and NQO1 (Pro187Ser) Pro/Pro [ 82 ].…”