“…Smoking negatively affects outcomes of dental treatment such as oral surgery, implants, and the treatment of gum disease (Johnson & Bain, 2000;SanchezPerez, Moya-Villaescusa, & Caffesse, 2007;Strietzel, et al, 2007), and has an aesthetic impact such as stained teeth. All of the above may offer a 'teachable moment' where patient receptiveness to quitting smoking is likely to be high (Gordon, Lichtenstein, Severson, & Andrews, 2006;Hébert, 2005;Stevens, Severson, Lichtenstein, Little, & Leben, 1995).…”