Snake Herders: Novel anti-predator behavior by black-tailed prairie dogs in response to prairie rattlesnakes

Abstract

Local cultural adaptation through social transmission can act as a selective force that can influence behavior. We describe a case of a unique antipredator behavior sequence in response to rattlesnakes observed in a population of black-tailed prairie dogs in Fort Collins, Colorado. An analysis of 5 independent opportunistic video recordings of 6 identifiable individuals revealed individuals across multiple social groups within the population engaged in the unique sequence. We describe the behavioral sequence, compare the behaviors with previously published accounts, and propose a pathway whereby novel behavioral traits can be transmitted across social groups. Our findings also provide a preliminary assessment as to whether prairie dogs in this population are manipulating snakes by utilizing behaviors that capitalize on their sensory modalities.