Snuff use associated with abdominal obesity in former smokers

Sundbeck, Mats; Grahn, Mathias; Lönngren, Vincent; Månsson, Nils Ove; Råstam, Lennart; Lindblad, Ulf

doi:10.1177/1403494809105546

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Snus use was less than half as likely as smoking among those consuming vegetables and fruit once a week or less. Also, in line with a study from Norway [33], but in contrast to a study from the south of Sweden [34] a sedentary lifestyle was not associated with snus use, while it was clearly associated with smoking and dual use. The prevalence of snus use was 40% lower than smoking among those with a sedentary lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In addition, smoking was less common among overweight and obese individuals while snus use was not related to overweight. Similar findings have been reported from some [37-39], but not all prior studies [34,40,41]. Although the relation of BMI to snus use is difficult to interpret due to the cross-sectional design, the striking difference with smoking is noteworthy, and should be kept in mind when exploring the health effects of snus use, particularly on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden

2010

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BackgroundSocio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of snus users have not been systematically described. Such knowledge is pivotal for tobacco control efforts and for the assessment of health effects of snus use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, based on the Stockholm Public Health Survey, including a population-based sample of 34,707 men and women aged 18-84 years. We examined how socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related characteristics were associated with the prevalence of current daily snus use, smoking and dual tobacco use. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of prevalence (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsLow educational level (OR = 1.60, CI = 1.41-1.81 and OR = 1.49, CI = 1.17-1.89, for men and women respectively), as well as occupational class and low income were associated with snus use. Some unfavourable lifestyle characteristics, including risky alcohol consumption (males: OR = 1.81, CI = 1.63-2.02; females: OR = 1.79, CI = 1.45-2.20), binge drinking and low consumption of fruit and vegetables were also associated with snus use. In contrast, physical inactivity and overweight/obesity were not, nor was perceived health. The prevalence of smoking followed steeper gradients for social as well as lifestyle characteristics. Overweight and obese men were however less often smokers. Perceived poor general health and psychological distress were highly related to smoking. Social disadvantage, as well as unhealthy lifestyle and self-reported poor health were strongly associated with dual use. There were limited differences between men and women.ConclusionsThe social, lifestyle and health profiles of exclusive snus users in Stockholm County are less favourable than those of non-users of tobacco, but more advantageous than those of exclusive smokers. This knowledge should guide tobacco control measures as well as the interpretation of health risks linked to snus use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden

2010

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“…The use of snus has also been associated with obesity in a cross-sectional analysis of controls in a case-control study [13]. One study investigated the relationship between snus use and obesity based on three different measures (BMI ≥30, waist-hip-ratio ≥1.0 and waist circumference >102 centimetres) [15]. The researchers found no association between exclusive snus use and obesity based on any of these measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies presented results for exclusive snus users, (i.e. never smokers) [9,11,12,14,15], five included current and/or former smokers [4,8,10,13,17], whereof three presented results controlled for smoking [8,13,17]. One longitudinal study did not clearly report exclusion or adjustment for smoking [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight gain and incident obesity among male snus users

et al. 2011

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BackgroundSnus is a moist smokeless tobacco product which has recently reached beyond its original market of Scandinavia. Snus is now being increasingly used in both the United States and South Africa. The effect of snus use on weight is unknown. This study has therefore investigated the relationship between the use of snus, weight gain (≥5%) and the incidence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2).MethodsThe study participants (n = 9,954 males living in Stockholm County, Sweden) were recruited in 2002 and reassessed in 2007. Tobacco use was categorized according to information obtained in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Outcomes were assessed by comparing self-reported weight and body mass index between the baseline and follow-up surveys.ResultsStable current snus use (according to both surveys), compared to never having used any kind of tobacco, seemed to be associated with both weight gain (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.65) and incident obesity (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-3.30) after adjustment for age, baseline weight, alcohol consumption, physical activity, education, consumption of fruit and berries, and the frequency of having breakfast. No associations with incident obesity or weight gain were seen for stable former users of snus (according to both surveys) or among men who quit or began using snus during follow-up.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the use of snus is moderately associated with weight gain and incident obesity among men.

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Summary of the epidemiological evidence relating snus to health

2011

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

118

114

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Snuff use associated with abdominal obesity in former smokers

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden

Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden

Weight gain and incident obesity among male snus users

Summary of the epidemiological evidence relating snus to health

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