Social inferences from faces: Ambient images generate a three-dimensional model

Sutherland, Clare A. M.; Oldmeadow, Julian A.; Santos, Isabel M.; Towler, John; Burt, D. M.; Young, Andrew W.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.12.001

Cited by 375 publications

(834 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…Jones, DeBruine, Little, Watkins, & Feinberg, 2011;Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008;Sutherland et al, 2013;Watkins et al, 2010); however, it is unclear whether both sexes were rating the faces using the same working definitions. Thus it is possible that the differences we found are attributable in part to the way in which the faces were rated, and those ratings may have differed if participants were provided with definitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Perceived Dominance and Prestige of Women With and Without Cosmetics

et al. 2016

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Women wearing cosmetics have been associated with a higher earning potential and higher status jobs. However, recent literature suggests that status can be accrued through two distinct routes: dominance and prestige (Henrich & Gil-White, 2001). In two experiments, we applied a standardized amount of cosmetics to female faces using computer software. We then asked participants to rate faces with and without cosmetics for various traits including attractiveness, dominance, and prestige. Men and women both rated the faces with cosmetics added as higher in attractiveness. However, only women rated faces with cosmetics as higher in dominance, while only men rated them as higher in prestige. In a follow up study, we investigated whether these enhanced perceptions of dominance from women were caused by jealousy. We found that women experience more jealousy toward women with cosmetics, and view these women as more attractive to men and more promiscuous. Our findings suggest that cosmetics may function as an extended phenotype and can alter other's perceptions differently depending on the perceiver's sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Perceived Dominance and Prestige of Women With and Without Cosmetics

et al. 2016

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“…Factor analyses based on personality judgments regarding these more diverse sets of faces revealed an additional dimension of social perception, namely youthful-attractiveness (Sutherland et al, 2013;Vernon, Sutherland, Young, & Hartley, 2014) or attractiveness-health-extraversion (Wolffhechel et al, 2014). For reasons of completeness we included attractiveness in our analyses.…”

Section: Codamentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing the personality of a face: Perceived Big Two and Big Five personality factors modeled in real photographs.

Walker

Vetter

2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

104

151

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General, spontaneous evaluations of strangers based on their faces have been shown to reflect judgments of these persons’ intention and ability to harm. These evaluations can be mapped onto a 2D space defined by the dimensions trustworthiness (intention) and dominance (ability). Here we go beyond general evaluations and focus on more specific personality judgments derived from the Big Two and Big Five personality concepts. In particular, we investigate whether Big Two/Big Five personality judgments can be mapped onto the 2D space defined by the dimensions trustworthiness and dominance. Results indicate that judgments of the Big Two personality dimensions almost perfectly map onto the 2D space. In contrast, at least 3 of the Big Five dimensions (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) go beyond the 2D space, indicating that additional dimensions are necessary to describe more specific face-based personality judgments accurately. Building on this evidence, we model the Big Two/Big Five personality dimensions in real facial photographs. Results from 2 validation studies show that the Big Two/Big Five are perceived reliably across different samples of faces and participants. Moreover, results reveal that participants differentiate reliably between the different Big Two/Big Five dimensions. Importantly, this high level of agreement and differentiation in personality judgments from faces likely creates a subjective reality which may have serious consequences for those being perceived—notably, these consequences ensue because the subjective reality is socially shared, irrespective of the judgments’ validity. The methodological approach introduced here might prove useful in various psychological disciplines.

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“…Decisions about a person's trustworthiness or dominance based on their face are of course of low validity, though many researchers take seriously the possibility that there may be an underlying 'kernel of truth' (Bruce & Young, 2012 This approach creates images that capture a range of everyday cues to the appropriate trait, and has been validated in previous studies (Mattavelli, et al, 2012;Sutherland et al, 2013;Sutherland, Young, Mootz, & Oldmeadow, 2015;Vernon, Sutherland, Young, & Hartley, 2014). Figure 1a and 1b about here, please…”

Section: Face Perception and Social Cognition Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the good or bad intentions inferred in evaluating the trustworthiness dimension may be linked either to an overt emotional expression (Secord, 1958;Sutherland, et al, 2013) or to the subtle resemblance of a target's static physiognomy to an emotional expression (Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008). For example, an overt expression of happiness or the subtle resemblance of a neutral face to a happy expression is judged as trustworthy, while an overt or subtle resemblance to an angry expression is judged as untrustworthy (Adams, Nelson, Soto, Hess, & Kleck, 2012;Montepare & Dobish, 2003;Oosterhof & Todorov, 2008;Zebrowitz, Kikuchi, & Fellous, 2007).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve a sensitive behavioural measure well-suited to this purpose, we used computer image manipulation methods equivalent to those validated in previous studies (Mattavelli, et al, 2012;Sutherland, et al, 2013) to create continua of images that varied in perceived trustworthiness or dominance. We then measured how well these subtle gradations in manipulated trait impressions were perceived by people with HD and by control participants, and established the relation between performance deficits and other behavioural measures including measures of emotion recognition.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neuropsychology of first impressions: Evidence from Huntington's disease

Sprengelmeyer

Young

Baldas

et al. 2016

Cortex

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Impairments of emotion recognition have been widely documented in Huntington's disease (HD), but little is known concerning how these relate to other aspects of social cognition, including first impressions of traits such as trustworthiness and dominance. Here, we introduce a novel and sensitive method to investigate the ability to evaluate trustworthiness and dominance from facial appearance, with control tasks measuring ability to perceive differences between comparable stimuli. We used this new method together with standard tests of face perception to investigate social cognition in HD. We found that a subgroup of people with HD was impaired at perceiving trustworthiness and dominance, and that perceiving trustworthiness and dominance were correlated with impaired facial expression recognition. In addition, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to provisionally identify candidate brain regions associated with social cognition by contrasting regional functional anisotropy (FA) measures between subgroups of HD participants showing normal or impaired perception of trustworthiness and dominance, and by correlating these regional brain abnormalities with behavioural performance on tests of emotion recognition. In this way we show for the first time alterations in perception of trustworthiness and dominance in people with HD and link these to regions which may map the boundaries of the social brain. The pattern of breakdown seen in this neurodegenerative disease can thus be used to explore potential inter-relationships between different components of social cognition.

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Social inferences from faces: Ambient images generate a three-dimensional model

Cited by 375 publications

References 60 publications

Sex Differences in the Perceived Dominance and Prestige of Women With and Without Cosmetics

Sex Differences in the Perceived Dominance and Prestige of Women With and Without Cosmetics

Changing the personality of a face: Perceived Big Two and Big Five personality factors modeled in real photographs.

The neuropsychology of first impressions: Evidence from Huntington's disease

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