Social Interaction Processes and Personality

Back, Mitja D.

doi:10.31234/osf.io/evm4n

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…In the present research, we applied a zero-acquaintance person-perception design to an intergroup setting focusing on group affiliations related to refugees. We were thus able to assess spontaneous other-perceptions based on a selection of photographs and simultaneously analyze the influence of target characteristics (independently coded facial cues) and perceiver characteristics (self-reported social attitudes), both of which are important to consider when trying to explain person perception phenomena (Back, 2021;Kenny, 1994).…”

Section: Constraints Of Generality Limitations and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

Stecker

Bürkner

Hellmann

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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The importance of first impressions for various intrapersonal, social and societal outcomes is well established. First impressions towards refugees as individual members of one of the most heatedly discussed social groups in Western societies should play a key role in facilitating or impeding successful social integration. However, this issue is currently underexplored. To help understand first impressions towards refugee individuals, we conducted two studies, in which German perceivers (total N = 938) evaluated 60 (Study 1) or 48 (Study 2) male target photos of Western individuals (presented as Germans) and Middle Eastern individuals (presented as refugees). In Study 2, we included information about targets’ religious affiliations (Christian, Muslim) and religiousness (weakly religious, devout). Targets’ facial characteristics (physical attractiveness, smiling) were coded, and perceiver attitudes (right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, right-wing political ideology) were assessed. Results showed (a) no overall devaluation of refugees or Muslims, (b) strong effects of target attractiveness and smiling on evaluations across individuals of different group affiliations, (c) strong effects of perceiver attitudes towards refugees and Muslims, and (d) no interactive effects of perceiver attitudes and target cues on evaluations. It is important to note that these results should not be interpreted as any doubt about the profound experiences of discrimination and prejudices faced by minorities such as refugees. Instead, they underline the utility of an individual differences approach to better understand the circumstances under which devaluations of minoritized individuals suchs as refugees are amplified or reduced.

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Section: Constraints Of Generality Limitations and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

Stecker

Bürkner

Hellmann

et al. 2021

Collabra: Psychology

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“…Indeed, there is a long‐standing tradition in personality science to call for greater use of behavioural observations (e.g. Back, 2020; Back, in press; Baumeister, Vohs, & Funder, 2007), and well‐cited articles have discussed suitable methods for this (e.g. Furr, 2009).…”

Section: Descriptive Personality Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, theories that seek to explain personality variations through social interactions may benefit from a large‐scale project (say N = 10 000) that documents, in both lab and naturalistic settings, hundreds of objectively measured behaviours, social interaction processes and their subjective perceptions, besides including detailed trait ratings of the participants (Back, in press). Using such data, researchers could look for patterns in behaviour, perception and relationship dynamics and link these to measurements of individual differences, possibly being able to account for a non‐trivial fraction of variation in personality nuances, facets and domains.…”

Section: Explanatory Personality Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, explanations using units at more proximal levels to the phenomena we wish to explain may be more useful and appropriate (Borsboom, Cramer, & Kalis, 2019; Dennett, 2013; Hofstadter, 2007; Sperry, 1966). Social cognitive, learning or functionalist accounts, which explain personality trait levels as arising through the interactions of units such as goals, expectancies, affordances and perceptual processes, may be more appropriate and necessary components of causal accounts of the phenomena than explanations through specific genes or even specific neurological structures (Back, in press; Baumert et al, 2017).…”

Section: Explanatory Personality Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Descriptive, Predictive and Explanatory Personality Research: Different Goals, Different Approaches, but a Shared Need to Move beyond the Big Few Traits

et al. 2020

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We argue that it is useful to distinguish between three key goals of personality science—description, prediction and explanation—and that attaining them often requires different priorities and methodological approaches. We put forward specific recommendations such as publishing findings with minimum a priori aggregation and exploring the limits of predictive models without being constrained by parsimony and intuitiveness but instead maximizing out–of–sample predictive accuracy. We argue that naturally occurring variance in many decontextualized and multidetermined constructs that interest personality scientists may not have individual causes, at least as this term is generally understood and in ways that are human–interpretable, never mind intervenable. If so, useful explanations are narratives that summarize many pieces of descriptive findings rather than models that target individual cause–effect associations. By meticulously studying specific and contextualized behaviours, thoughts, feelings and goals, however, individual causes of variance may ultimately be identifiable, although such causal explanations will likely be far more complex, phenomenon–specific and person–specific than anticipated thus far. Progress in all three areas—description, prediction and explanation—requires higher dimensional models than the currently dominant ‘Big Few’ and supplementing subjective trait–ratings with alternative sources of information such as informant–reports and behavioural measurements. Developing a new generation of psychometric tools thus provides many immediate research opportunities. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

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The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

Kuper

Modersitzki

Phan

et al. 2021

British J of Psychology

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Personality psychology has long focused on structural trait models, but it can also offer a rich understanding of the dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of individual differences or entire persons. The field of personality dynamics, which works towards such an understanding, has experienced a renaissance in the last two decades. This review article seeks to act as a primer of that field. It covers its historical roots, summarizes current research strands – along with their theoretical backbones and methodologies – in an accessible way, and sketches some considerations for the future. In doing so, we introduce relevant concepts, give an overview of different topics and phenomena subsumed under the broad umbrella term ‘dynamics’, and highlight the interdisciplinarity as well as applied relevance of the field. We hope this article can serve as a useful overview for scholars within and outside of personality psychology who are interested in the dynamic nature of human behaviour and experience.

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Social Interaction Processes and Personality

Cited by 5 publications

References 138 publications

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

First Impressions of Faces of Refugees Are More Strongly Influenced by Target Cues and Perceiver Attitudes Than by Sheer Group Affiliation

Descriptive, Predictive and Explanatory Personality Research: Different Goals, Different Approaches, but a Shared Need to Move beyond the Big Few Traits

The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field

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