“…Internalized disdain of stigmatizing labels linked to drug use has been shown to worsen social isolation and disadvantage, deepen shame and other negative self-perceptions, impair social functioning over time, and increase perceptions of chronic pain (Broman et al, 2023; DeBeck et al, 2017; Karasz et al, 2004; von Hippel et al, 2017). As being a person who has engaged in illicit drug use or experienced dependence becomes a primary status when accessing OAT, these cognitive and affective processes may inform consumer behaviors in the context of receiving treatment, as well as influence the appraisals they make of service provider behaviors (Anstice et al, 2009; Caruana, in press; Fraser & Valentine, 2008; Radcliffe & Stevens, 2008).…”